Journal Information
Vol. 37. Issue 10.
Pages 410-416 (October 2001)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 37. Issue 10.
Pages 410-416 (October 2001)
Full text access
Análisis factorial de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica estable
Factor analysis of the health related quality of life of patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Visits
10794
F. De Lac Iglesia Martínez
Corresponding author
Fernando_Iglesia@canalejo.org

Correspondencia: Avda. del Ejército, 16, 9.° C. 15006 A Coruña
, R. De La Fuente Cid, V. Ramos Polledo, C. Pellicer Vázquez, R. Nicolás Miguel, F. Diz-Lois Martínez
Unidad de Corta Estancia Médica. Complexo Hospitalario Juan Canalejo. A Coruña
This item has received
Article information
Objetivo

Determinar los factores que se asocian con la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud percibida por los pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) en fase estable

Pacientes Y Métodos

Diseño:cohorte prospectiva. Suje-tos: pacientes con EPOC en situación estable (n=204, a=0,05, d=6,9%). Mediciones e intervenciones:de cada pa-ciente se recogieron datos sociodemográficos, tratamiento, grado de disnea, gasometría, pruebas funcionales respirato-rias, prueba de esfuerzo y calidad de vida medida por el cuestionario del Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (CRDQ). Se estudió la asociación entre variables y se realizó un análisis factorial de aquellas que estadísticamente alcan-zaron significación con la calidad

Resultados

El 91,7% fueron varones. Las medias (des-viación estándar) de la edad, la FEV1 % y la FEV1 /FVC fue-ron de 71 (9), 45 (16) y 48 (10), respectivamente. Se encontró relación significativa entre CVRS y edad, peso, índice de masa corporal, nivel económico, nivel educacional, trata-miento con corticoides orales continuos, ODCA, grado de disnea, PaO2 , saturación de O2 , gradiente alvéolo arterial de O2 , FEV1 absoluto, FEV1 %, FEV1 posbroncodilatación, FVC absoluta, FVC%, distancia caminada en 6 min, saturación de O2 previa a la prueba de la marcha y mínima durante dicha prueba y diferencia de disnea pre y posprueba medida me-diante escala visual analógica. El análisis factorial de compo-nentes principales redujo estas variables a seis factores que explican el 74,6% de la variancia, desglosados como sigue: factor 1 (PaO2 , saturación de O2 y gradiente alvéolo arterial de O2 ) 33.7%; factor 2 (FEV1 absoluto, FEV1 %, FEV1 pos-broncodilatación, FVC absoluto y FVC%) 11,9%, factor 3 (peso, índice de masa corporal) 8,8%; factor 4 (edad, grado de disnea y distancia caminada en el test de paseo), 8,4%; factor 5 (corticodependencia y oxigenoterapia domiciliaria) 6,3%, y factor 6 (nivel económico y nivel educacional) 5,5%

Conclusiones

La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de pacientes con EPOC estable está parcialmente relaciona-da con el grado de insuficiencia respiratoria, la limitación alflujo aéreo, el estado nutricional del paciente, su capacidad de ejercicio, el grado avanzado de su enfermedad y su nivel socioeconómico

Palabras clave:
Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica
Ca-lidad de vida relacionada con la salud
Chronic Respiratory Di-sease Questionnaire
Análisis factorial
Objective

To identify factors associated with the health-related quality of life (HRQL) perceived by patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Patients And Methods

Design : Prospective cohort study.Subjects: Patients with stable COPD (n=204, a=0.05, d=6.9%). Measures and interventions: For every patient we re-corded sociodemographic and treatment data, severity of dyspnea, and the results of gasometry and lung function and stress testing, as well as responses to the Chronic Respira-tory Disease Questionnaire (CRDQ). After studying the as-sociations between variables we carried out factor analysis of those that were significantly related to HRQL

Results

Men made up 91.7% of the cohort. The mean age (standard deviation) was 71 (9), FEV1 % was 45 (16) and FEV1 /FVC was 48 (10). HRQL was statically related to age, weight, body mass index (BMI), economic status, educational status, chronic treatment with oral corticosteroids, ODCA, PaO2 , oxygen saturation, alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient, absolute FEV1 , FEV1 %, post-bronchodilatation FEV1 , abso-lute FVC, FVC%, distance walked in six minutes, oxygen sa-turation before the walking test and lowest oxygen satura-tion during the test, difference in dyspnea before and after the test measured on a visual analog scale. Factor analysis reduced the main variables to six, which explained 74.6% of the variance, as follows: Factor 1 – PaO2 , oxygen saturation and alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (33.7%); Factor 2 – absolute FEV1 , FEV1 %, FEV1 after bronchodilatation, abso-lute FVC and FVC% (11.9%); Factor 3 – eight and BMI (8.8%); Factor 4 – age, severity of dyspnea and walking test distance (8.4%); Factor 5: corticosteroid dependence and do-miciliary oxygen therapy (6.3%); and Factor 6: economic and educational status (5.5%)

Conclusions

HRQL in stable COPD patients is partially related to severity of respiratory insufficiency, airflow obs-truction, nutritional status, exercise capacity, severity of di-sease, and socioeconomic status

Keywords:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Health-re-lated quality of life
Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire
Factor analysis
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
M.A. Testa, D.C. Simonson.
Assessment of quality-of-life outcomes.
N Engl J Med, 334 (1996), pp. 835-840
[2.]
P.W. Jones.
Issues concerning health-related quality of life in COPD.
Chest, 107 (1995), pp. S187-S193
[3.]
M. Tsukino, K. Nishimura, A. Ikeda, H. Koyama, M. Mishima, T. Izumi.
Physiologic factors that determine the health-related quality of life in patients with COPD.
Chest, 110 (1996), pp. 896-903
[4.]
G.H. Guyatt, L.B. Berman, M. Townsend, S.O. Pugsley, L.W. Chambers.
A measure of quality of life for clinical trials in chronic lung disease.
Thorax, 47 (1987), pp. 773-778
[5.]
R. Güell, P. Casan, M. Sangenís, J. Santís, F. Morante, J.M. Borras, et al.
Traducción española y validación de un cuestionario de calidad de vida en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica.
Arch Bronconeumol, 31 (1995), pp. 202-210
[6.]
A.L. Ries, R.M. Kaplan, E. Blumberg.
Use of factor analysis to consolidate multiple outcome measures in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
J Clin Epidemiol, 44 (1991), pp. 497-503
[7.]
T. Montemayor, I. Alfajeme, C. Escudero, J. Morera, L. Sánchez Agudo.
Normativa sobre diagnóstico y tratamiento de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica.
Arch Bronconeumol, 32 (1996), pp. 285-301
[8.]
D.J. Tashkin, M.D. Altose, E.R. Bleecker, J.E. Connett, R.E. Kanner, W.W. Leww, et al.
Lung Health Study: airway responsiveness to inhaled metacholine in smokers with mild to moderate airflow limitation.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 145 (1992), pp. 301-310
[9.]
J. Sanchís.
Alteraciones de la función pulmonar en la EPOC.
EPOC. Lo esencial, pp. 51-62
[10.]
B.G. Ferris.
Epidemiology standarization project II. Recommend respiratory disease questionnaires for use with adults and children in epidemiological research.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 118 (1978), pp. 7-53
[11.]
D.A. Mahler, C.K. Wells.
Evaluation of clinical methods for rating dyspnea.
Chest, 93 (1998), pp. 580-586
[12.]
H.M. Vandiviere.
Pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale.
South Med J, 86 (1993), pp. S7-S10
[13.]
American Thoracic Society.
Standardization of spirometry and PEF: 1994 update.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 152 (1995), pp. 1107-1136
[14.]
J. Roca, J. Sanchís, A. Agustí-Vidal, F. Segarra, D. Navajas, R. Rodríguez- Roisin, et al.
Spirometric reference values from a Mediterranean population.
Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir, 22 (1986), pp. 217-222
[15.]
R.J.A. Butland, J. Pang, E.R. Gross, A.A. Woodcock, D.M. Geddes.
Two-, and six- and 12 minute walking tests in respiratory disease.
Br Med J, 284 (1982), pp. 1607-1608
[16.]
A.A. Okubadejo, P.W. Jones, J.A. Wedzicha.
Quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and severe hypoxaemia.
Thorax, 51 (1996), pp. 44-47
[17.]
R. Harper, J.E. Brazier, J.C. Waterhouse, S.J. Walters, N.M. Jones, P. Howard.
Comparison of outcome measures for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in an outpatient setting.
Thorax, 52 (1997), pp. 879-887
[18.]
P.J. Wijkstra, E.M. Ten Vergert, R. Van Altena, V. Otten, D.S. Postma, J. Kraan, et al.
Reability and validity of the chronic respiratory questionnaires (CRQ).
Thorax, 49 (1994), pp. 465-467
[19.]
J.M. Bland, G. Douglas.
Statistics notes: Cronbach's alpha.
Br Med J, 314 (1997), pp. 572
[20.]
G.P. Prigatano, E.C. Wright, D. Levin.
Quality of life and its predictors in patients with mild hypoxemia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Arch Intern Med, 144 (1984), pp. 1613-1619
[21.]
R. Güell, P. Casan, M. Sangenis, F. Morante, J. Belda, G.H. Guyatt.
Quality of life in patients with chronic respiratory disease: the Spanish version of the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire.
Eur Respir J, 11 (1998), pp. 55-60
[22.]
R.E. Wegner, R.A. Jörres, D.K. Kirsten, H. Magnussen.
Factor analysis of exercise capacity, dyspnoea ratings and lung function in patients with severe COPD.
Eur Respir J, 7 (1994), pp. 725-729
[23.]
J.E. Hodgkin.
Prognosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Clin Chest Med, 11 (1990), pp. 555-569
[24.]
D.O. Wilson, R.M. Rogers, E.C. Wright, N.R. Anthonisen.
Body weight in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: National Institutes of Health IPPB Trial.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 139 (1989), pp. 1435-1438
[25.]
C.A.J. Ketekaars, M.A.G. Schlösser, R. Mostert, H. Huyer Abu-Saad, R.J.G. Halfens, E.F.M. Wouters.
Determinants of health-related quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Thorax, 51 (1996), pp. 39-43
[26.]
C.M. Callahan, R.S. Dittus, B.P. Katz.
Oral corticosteroid therapy for patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Ann Intern Med, 114 (1991), pp. 216-233
[27.]
A.J. McSweeny, I. Grant, R.K. Heaton, K.M. Adams, R.M. Timms.
Life quality of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Arch Intern Med, 142 (1982), pp. 473-478
[28.]
D.S. Renwick, M.J. Connolly.
Impact of obstructive airways disease on quality of life in older adults.
Thorax, 51 (1996), pp. 520-525
Copyright © 2001. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
Archivos de Bronconeumología
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?