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Vol. 37. Issue 10.
Pages 410-416 (October 2001)
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Vol. 37. Issue 10.
Pages 410-416 (October 2001)
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Análisis factorial de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica estable
Factor analysis of the health related quality of life of patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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F. De Lac Iglesia Martínez
Corresponding author
Fernando_Iglesia@canalejo.org

Correspondencia: Avda. del Ejército, 16, 9.° C. 15006 A Coruña
, R. De La Fuente Cid, V. Ramos Polledo, C. Pellicer Vázquez, R. Nicolás Miguel, F. Diz-Lois Martínez
Unidad de Corta Estancia Médica. Complexo Hospitalario Juan Canalejo. A Coruña
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Objetivo

Determinar los factores que se asocian con la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud percibida por los pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) en fase estable

Pacientes Y Métodos

Diseño:cohorte prospectiva. Suje-tos: pacientes con EPOC en situación estable (n=204, a=0,05, d=6,9%). Mediciones e intervenciones:de cada pa-ciente se recogieron datos sociodemográficos, tratamiento, grado de disnea, gasometría, pruebas funcionales respirato-rias, prueba de esfuerzo y calidad de vida medida por el cuestionario del Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (CRDQ). Se estudió la asociación entre variables y se realizó un análisis factorial de aquellas que estadísticamente alcan-zaron significación con la calidad

Resultados

El 91,7% fueron varones. Las medias (des-viación estándar) de la edad, la FEV1 % y la FEV1 /FVC fue-ron de 71 (9), 45 (16) y 48 (10), respectivamente. Se encontró relación significativa entre CVRS y edad, peso, índice de masa corporal, nivel económico, nivel educacional, trata-miento con corticoides orales continuos, ODCA, grado de disnea, PaO2 , saturación de O2 , gradiente alvéolo arterial de O2 , FEV1 absoluto, FEV1 %, FEV1 posbroncodilatación, FVC absoluta, FVC%, distancia caminada en 6 min, saturación de O2 previa a la prueba de la marcha y mínima durante dicha prueba y diferencia de disnea pre y posprueba medida me-diante escala visual analógica. El análisis factorial de compo-nentes principales redujo estas variables a seis factores que explican el 74,6% de la variancia, desglosados como sigue: factor 1 (PaO2 , saturación de O2 y gradiente alvéolo arterial de O2 ) 33.7%; factor 2 (FEV1 absoluto, FEV1 %, FEV1 pos-broncodilatación, FVC absoluto y FVC%) 11,9%, factor 3 (peso, índice de masa corporal) 8,8%; factor 4 (edad, grado de disnea y distancia caminada en el test de paseo), 8,4%; factor 5 (corticodependencia y oxigenoterapia domiciliaria) 6,3%, y factor 6 (nivel económico y nivel educacional) 5,5%

Conclusiones

La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de pacientes con EPOC estable está parcialmente relaciona-da con el grado de insuficiencia respiratoria, la limitación alflujo aéreo, el estado nutricional del paciente, su capacidad de ejercicio, el grado avanzado de su enfermedad y su nivel socioeconómico

Palabras clave:
Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica
Ca-lidad de vida relacionada con la salud
Chronic Respiratory Di-sease Questionnaire
Análisis factorial
Objective

To identify factors associated with the health-related quality of life (HRQL) perceived by patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Patients And Methods

Design : Prospective cohort study.Subjects: Patients with stable COPD (n=204, a=0.05, d=6.9%). Measures and interventions: For every patient we re-corded sociodemographic and treatment data, severity of dyspnea, and the results of gasometry and lung function and stress testing, as well as responses to the Chronic Respira-tory Disease Questionnaire (CRDQ). After studying the as-sociations between variables we carried out factor analysis of those that were significantly related to HRQL

Results

Men made up 91.7% of the cohort. The mean age (standard deviation) was 71 (9), FEV1 % was 45 (16) and FEV1 /FVC was 48 (10). HRQL was statically related to age, weight, body mass index (BMI), economic status, educational status, chronic treatment with oral corticosteroids, ODCA, PaO2 , oxygen saturation, alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient, absolute FEV1 , FEV1 %, post-bronchodilatation FEV1 , abso-lute FVC, FVC%, distance walked in six minutes, oxygen sa-turation before the walking test and lowest oxygen satura-tion during the test, difference in dyspnea before and after the test measured on a visual analog scale. Factor analysis reduced the main variables to six, which explained 74.6% of the variance, as follows: Factor 1 – PaO2 , oxygen saturation and alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (33.7%); Factor 2 – absolute FEV1 , FEV1 %, FEV1 after bronchodilatation, abso-lute FVC and FVC% (11.9%); Factor 3 – eight and BMI (8.8%); Factor 4 – age, severity of dyspnea and walking test distance (8.4%); Factor 5: corticosteroid dependence and do-miciliary oxygen therapy (6.3%); and Factor 6: economic and educational status (5.5%)

Conclusions

HRQL in stable COPD patients is partially related to severity of respiratory insufficiency, airflow obs-truction, nutritional status, exercise capacity, severity of di-sease, and socioeconomic status

Keywords:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Health-re-lated quality of life
Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire
Factor analysis
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Copyright © 2001. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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