Journal Information
Vol. 36. Issue 3.
Pages 146-158 (March 2000)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 36. Issue 3.
Pages 146-158 (March 2000)
Full text access
Exploración funcional de los músculos respiratorios
Visits
50121
A. Herrera de la Rosa1
Servicios de Neumología. Hospital Militar Central Universitario Gómez Ulla
F. García Río*
* Servicios de Neumología. Hospital Universitario La Paz. Madrid
This item has received
Article information
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
B.R. Celli.
Clinical and physiologic evaluation of respiratory muscle function.
Clin Chest Med, 10 (1989), pp. 199-214
[2.]
P. De Lucas, J.M. Rodríguez González Moro, M. Calle.
Fatiga muscular.
Actualizaciones SEPAR. Volumen 2, pp. 97-122
[3.]
P.T. Macklem, respiratorios. Músculos.
Tratado de Neumología, 2.ª, pp. 2103-2107
[4.]
Ch Roussos, P.T. Macklem.
Implicaciones clínicas de la fatiga de los músculos respiratorios.
Tratado de Neumología, 2.a, pp. 2109-2119
[5.]
R.G. Fraser, J.A.P. Paré.
Diagnóstico de las enfermedades del tórax.
2.a, Editorial Salvat, (1982), pp. 2120-2183
[6.]
B. Felson.
Radiología torácica.
Editorial Científico- Médica, (1977), pp. 421-449
[7.]
M.A. Grippi, A.P. Fishman.
Insuficiencia respiratoria en los trastornos estructurales y neuromusculares que afectan al fuelle torácico.
Tratado de Neumología, 2.ª, pp. 2131-2144
[8.]
R.E. Hyatt, P.D. Scanlon, M. Nakamura.
Interpretation of pulmonary function tests. A practical guide.
Lippincott-Raven Publishers, (1997), pp. 104-108
[9.]
F. Bellemore.
Strength of the respiratory muscles.
The thorax, 2.a, pp. 1161-1197
[10.]
M. Decramer, P.T. Macklem.
Pressures developed by the respiratory muscles.
The Thorax, 2.a, pp. 1099-1126
[11.]
M. Orozco-Levi, J. Gea.
El diafragma.
Arch Bronconeumol, 33 (1997), pp. 399-411
[12.]
L.F. Black, R.E. Hyatt.
Maximal respiratory pressures: normal values and relationship to age and sex.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 99 (1969), pp. 696-702
[13.]
P. Casán, M. Mayos.
Determinación de las presiones respiratorias estáticas máximas.
Propuesta de procedimiento. Arch Bronconeumol, 26 (1990), pp. 223-228
[14.]
T. Rinqvist.
The ventilatory capacity in healthy adults: an analysis of causal factors with special reference to the respiratory forces.
Scand J Clin Lab Invest, 18 (1966), pp. 1-111
[15.]
G. McElvany, G. Blackie, N.J. Morrison, P.G. Wilcox, M.S. Fairbarn, R.L. Pardy.
Maximol static respiratory pressures in the normal elderly.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 139 (1989), pp. 277-281
[16.]
R.J. Smyth, K.R. Chapmana, A.S. Rebuck.
Maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures in adolescents.
Chest, 86 (1984), pp. 568-572
[17.]
P.J. Wijkstra, T.W. Van der Mark, M. Boezen, R. Van Altena, D.S. Postma, G.H. Hoëter.
Peak inspiratory mouth pressure in healthy subjects and in patients with COPD.
Chest, 107 (1995), pp. 652-656
[18.]
M.I. Polkey, M. Green, J. Moxham.
Measurement of respiratory muscle strenght.
Thorax, 50 (1995), pp. 1131-1135
[19.]
D. Rochester, N.S. Arora.
Respiratory muscle failure.
Med Clin North Am, 67 (1983), pp. 573-598
[20.]
M. Decramer, M. Demedts, F. Rochette, L. Billiet.
Maximal transrespiratory pressures in obstructive lung disease.
Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir, 16 (1980), pp. 479-490
[21.]
M. Decramer, A. De Troyer, S. Kelly, L. Zocchi, P.T. Macklem.
Regional differences in abdominal pressure swings in dogs.
J Appl Physiol, 57 (1984), pp. 1682-1687
[22.]
J.T. Sharp, J. Danon, W.S. Druz, N.B. Goldberg, H. Fishman, W. Machnach.
Respiratory muscle function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: its relationship to disability and to respiratory therapy.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 110 (1974), pp. 154-167
[23.]
A.M. Leevers, J.D. Road.
Mechanical response to hyperinflation of the two abdominal muscle layers.
J Appl Physiol, 66 (1989), pp. 2189-2195
[24.]
D.K. McKenzie, S.C. Gandevia, R.B. Gorman, J.B. Leeper.
Software compensation for lung volume in assessment of inspiratory muscle strength and endurance.
Thorax, 50 (1995), pp. 230-234
[25.]
A.S. Wen, M.S. Woo, T.G. Keens.
How many maneuvers are required to measure maximal inspiratory pressure accurately?.
Chest, 111 (1997), pp. 802-807
[26.]
P.L. Enright, R.A. Kronmal, T.A. Manolio, M.B. Schenker, R.E. Hyatt.
Respiratory muscle strength in the elderly. Correlates and reference values.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 149 (1994), pp. 430-438
[27.]
P. Casán, J. Giner, J. Sanchís.
Valoración de un nuevo manómetro para presiones respiratorias máximas.
Arch Bronconeumol, 25 (1989), pp. 322-325
[28.]
A. Fiz, J.M. Montserrat, C. Picado, V. Plaza, A. Agustí-Vidal.
How many manoeuvres should be done to measure maximal inspiratory mouth pressure in patients with chronic airflow obstruction?.
Thorax, 44 (1989), pp. 419-421
[29.]
T.K. Aldrich, P. Spiro.
Maximal inspiratory pressure: does reproducibility indicate full effort?.
Thorax, 50 (1995), pp. 40-43
[30.]
C.D. Cook, J. Mead, M.M. Orzalesi.
Static volume-pressure characteristics of the respiratory system during maximal efforts.
J Appl Physiol, 95 (1964), pp. 1016-1022
[31.]
D.O. Wilson, N.T. Cooke, R.H.T. Edwards, S.G. Spiro.
Predicted normal values for maximal respiratory pressures in causasian adults and children.
Thorax, 39 (1984), pp. 535-538
[32.]
C. Gaultier, R. Zinman.
Maximal respiratory pressures in healthy children.
Respir Physiol, 51 (1983), pp. 46-61
[33.]
D.F. Rochester, N.M.T. Braun.
Determinants of maximal inspiratory pressure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 132 (1985), pp. 42-47
[34.]
W. Vincken, H. Ghezzo, M.G. Cosio.
Maximal static respiratory pressures in adults: normal values and their relationship to determinants of respiratory function.
Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir, 23 (1987), pp. 435-439
[35.]
M.A. Carpenter, M.S. Tockman, R.G. Hutchinson, C.E. Davis, G. Heiss.
Demographic and anthropometric correlates of maximum inspiratory pressure.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 159 (1999), pp. 415-422
[36.]
J.A. Leech, H. Ghezzo, D. Stevens, M.R. Blecklade.
Respiratory pressures and function in young adults.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 128 (1983), pp. 17-23
[37.]
I.R. Harik-Khan, R.A. Wise, J.L. Fozard.
Determinants of maximal inspiratory pressure.
The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 158 (1998), pp. 1459-1464
[38.]
F.R. Shardonofsky, D. Pérez-Chada.
Carmuega E, Milic-Emili J.
Airway pressures during crying in healthy infants. Pediatr Pulmonol, 6 (1989), pp. 14-18
[39.]
Y. Nishimura, N. Tsutsumi, H. Nakata, T. Tsunenari, H. Maeda, M. Yokoyama.
Relationship between respiratory muscle strength and lean body mass in men with COPD.
Chest, 107 (1995), pp. 1232-1236
[40.]
A. Johan, C.C. Chan, H.P. Chia, Y.O. Chan, Y.T. Wang.
Maximal respiratory pressures in adult chinese, malays and indians.
Eur Respir J, 10 (1997), pp. 2825-2828
[41.]
P. Weiner, J. Suo, E. Fernández, R.M. Cherniack.
The effect of hyperinflation on respiratory muscle strength and efficiency in healthy subjects and patients with asthma.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 141 (1990), pp. 1501-1505
[42.]
N. Koulouris, D.A. Mulvey, C.M. Laroche, E.H. Sawicka, H. Green, J. Moxham.
The measurement of inspiratory muscle strength by sniff esophageal, nasopharyngeal, and mouth pressures.
Am Res Respir Dis, 139 (1989), pp. 641-646
[43.]
Herrero I. Control de la ventilación y rendimiento de los músculos respiratorios en niños y adolescentes [tesis doctoral]. Universidad de Zaragoza, 1988.
[44.]
P. Morales, J.L. Díez, M. Francés.
Presiones respiratorias estáticas máximas.
Valores de referencia en la población adulta. Arch Bronconeumol, 25 (1989), pp. 26
[45.]
J.J. Ordiales, A. Fernández, L. Colubi, F. Nistal de Paz, J. Allende, E. Álvarez, et al.
Presiones respiratorias estáticas máximas.
Importancia del estudio de los valores de referencia normales. Arch Bronconeumol, 31 (1995), pp. 507-511
[46.]
M. Decramer.
Effects of hyperinflation on the respiratory muscles.
Eur Respir J, 2 (1989), pp. 299-302
[47.]
F. García Río, C. Prados, E. Díez Tejedor, S. Díaz Lobato, R. Álvarez- Sala, J. Villamor, et al.
Breathing pattern and central ventilatory drive in mild and moderate generalised myasthenia gravis.
Thorax, 49 (1994), pp. 703-706
[48.]
W.J. O’Donohue Jr., J.P. Baker, G.M. Bell, O. Muren, C.L. Parker, J.L. Patterson Jr..
Respiratory failure in neuromuscular disease: management in a respiratory care unit.
JAMA, 235 (1976), pp. 733-735
[49.]
S.A. Sahn, S. Lakshminarayan.
Bedside criteria for discontinuation of mechanical ventilation.
Chest, 63 (1973), pp. 1002-1005
[50.]
Y.F. Heijdra, P.N.R. Dekhuijzen, C.L.A. Van Herwaarden, H.T.M. Folgering.
Differences between sniff mouth pressures and static maximal inspiratory mouth pressures.
Eur Respir J, 6 (1993), pp. 541-546
[51.]
F. Héritier, C. Perret, J.W. Fitting.
Maximal sniff mouth pressure compared with maximal inspiratory pressure in acute respiratory failure.
Chest, 100 (1991), pp. 175-178
[52.]
A.S. Multz, T.K. Aldrich, D.J. Prezant, J.P. Karpel, J.M. Hendler.
Maximal inspiratory pressure is not a reliable test of inspiratory muscle strength in mechanically ventilated patients.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 142 (1990), pp. 529-532
[53.]
J. Moxham, J. Goldstone.
Assessment of respiratory muscle strength in the intensive care unit.
Eur Respir J, 7 (1994), pp. 2057-2061
[54.]
J.J. Marini, T.C. Smith, V. Lamb.
Estimation of inspiratory muscle strength in mechanically ventilated patients: the measurement of maximal inspiratory pressure.
J Crit Care, 1 (1986), pp. 32-38
[55.]
F. Héritier, F. Rahm, P. Pasche, J.W. Fittinh.
Sniff nasal inspiratory pressure. A noninvasive assessment of inspiratory muscle strenght.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 150 (1994), pp. 1678-1683
[56.]
C. Uldry, J.W. Fitting.
Maximal values of sniff nasal inspiratory pressure in healthy subjects.
Thorax, 50 (1995), pp. 371-375
[57.]
T. Wanke, G. Schenz, H. Zwick, W. Popp, L. Ritschka, M. Flicker.
Dependence of maximal sniff generated mouth and transidaphragmatic pressures on lung volume.
Thorax, 45 (1990), pp. 352-355
[58.]
D.A. Mulvey, M.W. Elliott, N.G. Koulouris, M.P. Carroll, J. Moxham, M. Green.
Sniff esophageal and nasopharyngeal pressures and maximal relaxation rates in patients with respiratory dysfunction.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 143 (1991), pp. 950-953
[59.]
D. Stefanutti, J.W. Fitting.
Sniff nasal inspiratory pressure.
Reference values in causacian children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 159 (1999), pp. 107-111
[60.]
C. Uldry, J.P. Janssens, B. De Muralt, J.W. Fitting.
Sniff nasal inspiratory pressure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Eur Respir J, 10 (1997), pp. 1292-1296
[61.]
J.M. Miller, J. Mixham, M. Green.
The maximal sniff in the assessment of diaphragm function in man.
Clin Sci, 69 (1985), pp. 91-96
[62.]
S.C. Gandevia, R.B. Gorman, D.K. McKenzie, F.C.G. Southon.
Dynamic changes in human diaphragm length: maximal inspiratory and expulsive efforts studied with sequential radiography.
J Physiol (Londres), 457 (1992), pp. 167-176
[63.]
F. Bellemare, A.E. Grassino.
Force reserve of the diaphragm in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
J Appl Physiol, 55 (1983), pp. 8-15
[64.]
F.D. McCool, M.B. Hershenson, G.E. Tzelepis, Y. Kikuchi, D.E. Leith.
Effect of fatigue on maximal inspiratory pressure-flow capacity.
J Appl Physiol, 73 (1992), pp. 36-43
[65.]
S.H. Loring, J. Mead.
Action of the diaphragm on the rib cate inferred from a force-balance equation.
J Appl Physiol, 53 (1982), pp. 756-760
[66.]
J. Milic-Emili, J. Mead, J.M. Turner.
Topography of esophageal pressure as a function of posture in man.
J Appl Physiol, 19 (1964), pp. 212-216
[67.]
J. Milic-Emili.
Measurements of pressures in respiratory physiology.
Techniques in the life sciences, techniques in respiratory physiology, pp. 1-22
[68.]
J. Mead, K. Yoshino, G. Kikushi, G.M. Barnas, S.H. Loring.
Abdominal pressure transmission in humans during slow breathing maneuvers.
J Appl Physiol, 68 (1990), pp. 1850-1853
[69.]
M.I. Asher, A.L. Coates, J.M. Collinge, J. Milic-Emili.
Measurement of pleural pressure in neonates.
J Appl Physiol, 52 (1982), pp. 491-494
[70.]
S.A. Evans, L. Watson, A.J. Cowley, I.D.A. Johnson, W.J.M. Kinnear.
Normal range for transdiaphragmatic pressures during sniff with catheter mounted transducers.
Thorax, 48 (1993), pp. 750-753
[71.]
D.A. Chartrand, C. Jodoin, J. Couture.
Measurement of pleural pressure with oesophageal catheter-tip micromanometer in anaesthetized humans.
Can J Anaesth, 38 (1991), pp. 518-521
[72.]
M. Decramer, K. Deschepper, T.X. Jiang, E. Derom.
Effects of aminophylline on respiratory muscle interaction.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 144 (1991), pp. 797-802
[73.]
S. Yan, A.P. Gaultier, T. Similowski, P.T. Macklem, F. Bellemare.
Evaluation of human diaphragm contractility using mouth pressure twitches.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 145 (1992), pp. 1064-1069
[74.]
E. Agostini, H. Rahn.
Abdominal and thoracic pressures at different lung volumes.
J Appl Physiol, 5 (1960), pp. 1087-1092
[75.]
J. Gea, X. Aran, M. Orozco-Levy, J. Sauleda, M.C. Aguar, J.M. Broquetas.
Comparación entre diferentes métodos de evaluación de la presión transdiafragmática.
Utilidad en pacientes con EPOC. Arch Bronconeumol, 29 (1993), pp. 328-331
[76.]
C. Roussos, P.T. Macklem.
Diaphragmatic fatigue in man.
J Appl Physiol, 43 (1977), pp. 189-197
[77.]
A. De Troyer, M. Estenne.
Limitations of measurement of transdiaphragmatic pressure in detecting diaphragmatic weakness.
Thoracic, 36 (1981), pp. 169-174
[78.]
M.B. Hershenson, Y. Kukuchi, S.H. Loring.
Relative stregths of the chest wall muscles.
J Appl Physiol, 65 (1988), pp. 852-862
[79.]
D. Laporta, A. Grassino.
Assessment of transdiaphragmatic pressure in humans.
J Appl Physiol, 58 (1985), pp. 1469-1476
[80.]
G.J. Gibson, E. Clark, N.B. Pride.
Static transdiaphragmatic pressures in normal subjects and in patients with chronic hyperinflation.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 124 (1981), pp. 685-689
[81.]
J. Milic-Emili, M.M. Orzalesi, C.D. Cook, J.M. Turner.
Respiratory thoracoabdominal mechanics in man.
J Appl Physiol, 19 (1964), pp. 217-223
[82.]
N.M.T. Braun, N.S. Arora, D.F. Rochester.
Force-length relationship of the normal human diaphragm.
J Appl Physiol, 53 (1982), pp. 405-412
[83.]
F. Bellemare, B. Bigland-Ritchie.
Assessment of human diaphragm stregth and activation using phrenic nerve stimulation.
Respir Physiol, 58 (1984), pp. 263-277
[84.]
R.D. Levy, S. Nava, L. Gibbons, F. Bellemare.
Aminophylline and human diaphragm strength in vivo.
J Appl Physiol, 68 (1990), pp. 2591-2596
[85.]
D.R. Hillman, J. Markos, K.E. Finucane.
Effect of abdominal compression on maximum transdiaphragmatic pressure.
J Appl Physiol, 68 (1990), pp. 2296-2304
[86.]
C.M. Laroche, A.K. Mier, J. Moxham, M. Green.
The value of sniff esophageal pressures in the assessment of global inspiratory muscle stregth.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 138 (1988), pp. 598-603
[87.]
X. Aran, J. Gea, R. Guiu, J. Sauleda, M.C. Aguar, J.M. Broquetas.
Comparación de tres maniobras diferentes para la obtención de la presión transdiafragmática máxima.
Arch Bronconeumol, 28 (1992), pp. 112-115
[88.]
J. Gea, J.M. Espadaler, R. Guiu, X. Aran, L. Seoane.
Broquetas. Diaphragmatic activity induced by cortical stimulation: surface versus esophageal.
J Appl Physiol, 74 (1993), pp. 655-658
[89.]
M. Aubier, D. Murciano, Y. Lecocguic, N. Viires, R. Pariente.
Bilateral phrenic stimulation: a simple technique to assess diaphragmatic fatige in humans.
J Appl Physiol, 58 (1985), pp. 58-64
[90.]
F. Bellemare, B. Bigland-Ritchie, J.J. Woods.
Contractile properties of the human diaphragm in vivo.
J Appl J Physiol, 61 (1986), pp. 1153-1161
[91.]
R.D. Hubmayr, W.J. Litchy, P.C. Gay, S.B. Nelson.
Transdiaphragmatic twitch pressure.
Effects of lung volume and chest wall shape. Am Rev Respir Dis, 139 (1989), pp. 647-652
[92.]
F. Bellemare, B. Bigland-Ritchie.
Assessment of human diaphragm in vivo.
Respir Physiol, 58 (1984), pp. 263-277
[93.]
S.C. Gandevia, D.K. McKenzie, B.L. Plassman.
Activation of human respiratory muscles during differente voluntary maneuvres.
J Physiol (Londres), 428 (1990), pp. 387-403
[94.]
M. Aubier, G. Farkas, A. De Troyer, R. Mozes, C. Roussos.
Detection of diaphragmatic fatigue in man by phrenic stimulation.
J Appl Physiol, 50 (1981), pp. 538-544
[95.]
T. Similowski, B. Fleury, S. Launois, H.P. Cathala, P. Bouche, J.P. Derenne.
Cervical magnetic stimulation: a new painless method of bilateral phrenic nerve stimulation in conscious humans.
J Appl Physiol, 67 (1989), pp. 1311-1318
[96.]
A. Mier, C. Brophy, J. Moxham, M. Green.
Twitch pressures in the assessment of diaphragm weakness.
Thorax, 44 (1989), pp. 990-996
[97.]
J. Smith, F. Bellemare.
Effect of lung volume on in vivo contraction characteristics of human diaphragm.
J Appl Physiol, 62 (1987), pp. 1893-1900
[98.]
A. Mier, C. Brophy, J. Moxham, M. Green.
Influence of lung volume and rib cage configuration on transdiaphragmatic pressure during phrenic nerve stimulation in man.
Respir Physiol, 80 (1990), pp. 193-202
[99.]
S. Nava, R.D. Levy, L. Gibbons, F. Bellemare.
Determinants of diaphragmatic response to bilateral phrenic nerve stimulation inman.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 135 (1987), pp. A332
[100.]
R.I. Close.
The dynamic properties of mammalian skeletal muscles.
Physiol Rev, 52 (1972), pp. 129-197
[101.]
S. Levine, D. Henson.
Low-frequency diaphragmatic fatige in spontaneously breathing humans.
J Appl Physiol, 64 (1988), pp. 672-680
[102.]
B.D. Johnson, M.A. Babcock, O.E. Suman, J.A. Dempsey.
Exerciseinduced diaphragmatic vatigue in healthy humans.
J Physiol (Londres), 460 (1993), pp. 385-405
[103.]
D.K. McKenzie, B. Bigland-Ritchie, R.B. Gorman, S.C. Candevia.
Central and peripheral fatigue of human diaphragm and limb muscles assessed by twitch interpolation.
J Physiol (Londres), 454 (1992), pp. 643-656
[104.]
T. Similowski, S. Yan, A.P. Gaultier, P.T. Macklem, F. Bellemare.
Contractile properties of the human diaphragm during chronic hyperinflation.
N Engl J Med, 325 (1991), pp. 917-923
[105.]
F. Bellemare, B. Bigland-Ritchie.
Central components of diaphragmatic fatigue assessed by phrenic nerve stimulation.
J Appl Physiol, 62 (1987), pp. 1307-1316
[106.]
M. Petitjean, S. Yan, P.T. Macklem, F. Bellemare.
Phonomyogram of the diaphragm during unilateral and bilateral phrenic nerve stimulation.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 147 (1993), pp. A693
[107.]
S.C. Gandevia, D.K. McKenzie.
Activation of the human diaphragm during maximal static effors.
J Physiol, (1985), pp. 45-56
[108.]
J.P. Derenne, A. Debru, A.E. Grassino, W.A. Whitelaw.
The earliest history of diaphragm physiology.
Eur Respir J, 7 (1994), pp. 2234-2240
[109.]
T. Similowski, A.P. Gaultier, P. Yan, P.T. Macklem, F. Bellemare.
Assessment of diaphragman function using mouth pressure twitches in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 147 (1993), pp. 850-856
[110.]
M. Aubier, D. Murciano, Y. Mewnu, J. Boczkowski, H. Mal, R. Pariente.
Dopamine effects on diaphragmatic strength during acute respiratory failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Ann Intern Med, 110 (1989), pp. 17-23
[111.]
A.T. Barker, I.L. Freeston, R. Jalinous, J.A. Jaratt.
Magnetic stimulation of the human brain and peripheral nervous system: an introduction and the results of an initial clinical evaluation.
Neurosurgery, 20 (1987), pp. 100-109
[112.]
S. Wraff, R. Aguilina, J. Goldstone, M. Green, J. Moxham.
Cervical magnetic stimulation of the phrenic nerves.
Eur Respir J, 4 (1991), pp. 309S
[113.]
T. Similowski, J.P. Derenne.
Inspiratory muscle testing in stable COPD patients.
Eur Respir J, 7 (1994), pp. 1871-1876
[114.]
S. Wragg, R. Aquilina, J. Moran, M. Ridding, C. Hamnegard, T. Fearn, et al.
Comparison of cervical magnetic stimulation and bilateral percutaneous electrical stimulations of the phrenic nerves in normal subjects.
Eur Respir J, 7 (1994), pp. 1788-1792
[115.]
M.I. Polkey, D. Kyroussis, S.E.J. Keilty, C. Hamnegard, G.H. Mills, M. Green, et al.
Exhaustive treadmill exercise does not reduce twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure in patients with COPD.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 152 (1995), pp. 959-964
[116.]
K. Murphy, A. Mier, L. Adams, A. Guz.
Putative cerebral cortical involvement in the ventilatory response to inhaled CO2 in conscious man.
J Physiol (Londres), 420 (1990), pp. 1-18
[117.]
S.C. Gandevia, J.C. Rothwell.
Activation of the human diaphragm from the motor cortex.
J Physiol (Londres), 384 (1987), pp. 109-119
[118.]
S.C. Gandevia, B.L. Plassman.
Responses of human interocostal and truncal muscles to motor cortical and spinal stimulation.
Respir Physiol, 73 (1988), pp. 325-328
[119.]
D.F. Rochester.
Respiratory muscle weakness pattern of breathing, and CO2 retention in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 143 (1991), pp. 901-903
[120.]
C. Hamnegard, S. Wragg, D. Kyroussis, G. Mills, B. Bake, M. Green, et al.
Mouth pressure in response to magnetic stimulation of the phrenic nerves.
Thorax, 50 (1995), pp. 620-624
[121.]
F. Laghi, M.J. Tobin.
Relationship between transdiaphragmatic and mouth twitch pressures at functional residual capacity.
Eur Respir J, 10 (1997), pp. 530-536
[122.]
J.O. Maillard, L. Burded, G. Van Melle, J.W. Fitting.
Reproducibility of twitch mouth pressure, sniff nasal inspiratory pressure, and maximal inspiratory pressure.
Eur Respir J, 11 (1998), pp. 901-905
[123.]
P.D. Hughes, M.I. Polkey, D. Kyroussis, C. Hamnegard, J. Moxham, M. Green.
Measurement to sniff nasal and diaphhragm twitch mouth pressure in patients.
Thorax, 53 (1998), pp. 96-100
[124.]
M.I. Polkey, R.A. Lyal, M. Greenb, P.N. Leigh, J. Moxham.
Expiratory muscle function in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 158 (1998), pp. 734-741
[125.]
T. Similowski, M.B. Petijean, B. Maton, H. Monod, J.P. Derenne.
Phonomyogram of the diaphragm during phrenic stimulation and sniff test.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 145 (1992), pp. A255
[126.]
E.N. Moavero, D.S. Lipton, G.A. Jenouri, J. Pine, A. Schneider, M.A. Sachner.
Non-invasive semiquantitative measurements of tidal pressue-volume and flow relations of lung in COPD patients.
Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir, 20 (1984), pp. 333-339
[127.]
T.L. Clanton.
Respiratory muscle endunce in humans.
The thorax, 2.a, pp. 1199-1230
[128.]
M.J. Belman, G.A. Gaesser.
Ventilatory muscle training in the elderly.
J Appl Physiol, 64 (1988), pp. 899-905
[129.]
F. Bellemare, A. Grassino.
Effect of pressure and timing of contraction on human diaphragm.
J Appl Physiol, 53 (1982), pp. 1190-1195
[130.]
J.B. Martyn, R.H. Moreno, P.D. Paré, R.L. Pardy.
Measurement of inspiratory muscle performance with incremental threshold loading.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 135 (1987), pp. 919-923
[131.]
J.L. Larson, M.K. Covey, J. Berry, S. Wirtz, C.G. Alex, M. Matsuo.
Discontinuous incremental treshold loading test.
Measure of respiratory muscle endurance in patients with COPD. Chest, 111 (1999), pp. 60-67
[132.]
T.L. Clanton, B.T. Ameredes.
Fatigue in the inspiratory muscle pump in humans: an isoflow approach.
J Appl Physiol, 64 (1988), pp. 1693-1699
[133.]
S.C. Gandevia, D.K. McKenzie, I.R. Neering.
Endurance properties of respiratory and limb muscles.
Respir Physiol, 53 (1983), pp. 47-61
[134.]
F. Bellemare, A. Grassino.
Evaluation of human diaphragm fatigue.
J Appl Physiol, 53 (1982), pp. 1196-1206
[135.]
S. Nava, F. Rubini, E. Zanotti, D. Caldiroli.
The tension-time index of the diaphragm reivisited in quadriplegic patients with diaphram pacing.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 153 (1996), pp. 1322-1327
[136.]
P.A. Barnard, S. Levine.
Critique on application of diaphragmatic time-tension index to spontaneously breathing humans.
J Appl Physiol, 60 (1986), pp. 1067-1072
[137.]
C. Gaultier, M. Baoulé, G. Tournier, F. Girard.
Inspiratory force reserve of the respiratory muscles in children with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 131 (1985), pp. 811-815
[138.]
M. Ramonatxo, P. Boulard, C. Préfaut.
Validation of a noninvasive tension-time index of inspiratory muscles.
J Apple Physiol, 78 (1995), pp. 646-653
[139.]
M.A. Ruiz Cobos.
Validación del índice tensión-tiempo de los músculos inspiratorios en pacientes con enfermedades neuromusculares.
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, (1998),
[140.]
S.A. Esau, F. Bellemare, A. Grassino, S. Permutt, C. Roussos, R.L. Pardy.
Changes in relaxation rate with diaphragmatic fatigue in humans.
J Appl Physiol, 54 (1983), pp. 1353-1360
[141.]
S.A. Esau, P.T. Bye, R.L. Pardy.
Changes in rate of relaxation of sniffs and with diaphragmatic fatigue in humans.
J Appl Physiol, 55 (1983), pp. 731-735
[142.]
B. Bigland-Ritchie, R. Johansson, O.C.J. Lippold, J.J. Woods.
Contractile speed and EMG changes during fatigue of sustained maximal voluntary contractions.
J Neurophysiol, 50 (1983), pp. 313-324
[143.]
N. Koulouris, L.G. Vianna, D.A. Mulvey, M. Green, J. Moxham.
Maximal relaxation rates of esophageal, nose, and mouth pressures during a sniff reflect inspiratory muscle fatigue.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 139 (1989), pp. 1213-1217
[144.]
J.C. Goldstone, K. Allen, D.A. Mulvey, M. Elliot, M. Carroll, M. Green, et al.
Respiratory muscle fatigue in patients weaning from mechanical ventilation.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 141 (1990), pp. A370
[145.]
D.A. Mulvey, N.G. Koulouris, M.W. Elliot, J. Moxham, M. Green.
Maximal relaxation rate of inspiratory muscle can be effort-dependent and reflect the activation of fast-twitch fibers.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 144 (1991), pp. 803-806
[146.]
M.I. Polkey, D. Kyroussis, C. Hamnegard, P.D. Hughes, G.F. Rafferty, J. Moxham, et al.
Paired phrenic nerve stimuli for the detection of diaphragmatic fatigue in humans.
Eur Respir J, 10 (1997), pp. 1859-1864
[147.]
T. Similowski, C. Strauss, V. Attali, A. Duguet, J.P. Derenne.
Cervical magnetic stimulation as a method to discriminate between diaphragm and rib cage muscle fatigue.
J Appl Physiol, 84 (1998), pp. 1692-1700
Copyright © 2000. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
Archivos de Bronconeumología
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?