Advanced CF lung disease (ACFLD) threatens the health of many individuals with CF.
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Improving care for those with ACFLD is an important priority for the CF community.
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We define ACFLD as an FEV1< 40%, other severity markers, OR referred for transplant.
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Guidance is provided on medical care, symptom control, and psychosocial issues.
Abstract
Background
Advanced cystic fibrosis lung disease (ACFLD) is common, is associated with reduced quality of life, and remains the most frequent cause of death in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). These consensus guidelines provide recommendations to the CF community on management of both common and unique issues that arise when individuals reach a state of ACFLD.
Methods
The CF Foundation assembled a multidisciplinary expert panel consisting of three workgroups: Pulmonary management; Management of comorbid conditions; Symptom management and psychosocial issues. Topics were excluded if the management considerations did not differ in ACFLD from in the overall CF population or if already addressed in other published guidelines. Recommendations were based on a systematic literature review combined with expert opinion when appropriate.
Results
The committee formulated twenty-three recommendation statements specific to ACFLD that address the definition of ACFLD, pulmonary and intensive care unit management, management of selected comorbidities, symptom control, and psychosocial issues.
Conclusions
These recommendations are intended to be paired with previously published management guidelines for the overall CF population, with the objective of reducing practice variability and improving overall care, quality of life, and survival in those with ACFLD.
Keywords
Cystic fibrosis
Advanced lung disease
Respiratory failure
Lung transplantation
Advance care planning
Palliative care
Abbreviation
ABPA
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
ACFLD
advanced cystic fibrosis lung disease
ACP
advance care planning
CF
cystic fibrosis
CKD
chronic kidney disease
ECLS
extracorporeal life support
ECFS
European Cystic Fibrosis Society
FEV1
forced expiratory volume in one second
GER
gastroesophageal reflux
ICU
intensive care unit
ISHLT
International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation