Cellular and humoral biomarkers of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Section snippets
Targeted cellular biomarkers of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Abnormalities in the number and function of multiple cell types, primarily those related to inflammation and lung repair, have been shown in human BPD as well as in animal models of BPD (e.g. hyperoxia-exposed newborn rodent models). Early in the course of respiratory distress syndrome in human preterm infants, there is evidence of early systemic activation and transendothelial migration of neutrophils [15], with increased neutrophils in the tracheal aspirate of preterm infants who go on to
Targeted humoral biomarkers of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Humoral biomarkers refer to biomarkers present in body fluids (called “humors”) which were categorized in ancient literature as blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm. In this review, we will focus primarily on blood and airway secretions (phlegm). Biomarker measurements in blood have been studied due to easy accessibility, but they may not accurately reflect the lung concentrations of the respective mediator. Tracheal aspirates also have limitations, as they are available only in intubated
Unbiased “omic” biomarkers of BPD
Advances in molecular genetics and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology have enabled the examination of BPD at an unbiased molecular ‘omic’ level. In this review, we will focus on biomarkers in the genome, transcriptome, and microbiome.
Future steps
Better phenotyping of BPD and more detailed data collection of clinical variables, in addition to careful determination of unbiased, specific, temporal, systems biology based ‘omic’ biomarkers are needed [58], [59]. Strategies that supplement or expand upon genomic, proteomic, metabolomic and microbiomic approaches need to be studied. With the discovery of the presence and role of the neonatal airway microbiome in BPD [53], the study of environmental pathogens and host response has become of
Disclosures
The authors have no conflict of interest to disclose.
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Gaps in knowledge and future directions for research
2022, Goldsmith's Assisted Ventilation of the Neonate: An Evidence-Based Approach to Newborn Respiratory Care, Seventh EditionEnd points for therapeutic trials for BPD
2020, Tantalizing Therapeutics in Bronchopulmonary DysplasiaIs Endocan a Novel Diagnostic Marker for the Severity of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Very Low Birth Weight Infants?
2019, Archivos de BronconeumologiaCitation Excerpt :It is thought that BPD is caused by the effects of inflammatory processes on an immature and fragile lung. Therefore, researchers have studied on alterations in growth factors and inflammatory mediators related to development of alveolar, airway, or vascular structure that are effective in lung injury.2 However, many biomarkers are not unique to the disease alone, and appear to be not always effective in predicting the disease.17
Editorial: Biomarkers in neonatology
2017, Early Human DevelopmentThe status of chronic lung disease diagnosis in Japan: Secondary publication
2022, Pediatrics InternationalThe Change of Cytokines and Gut Microbiome in Preterm Infants for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
2022, Frontiers in Microbiology