Elsevier

The Lancet Oncology

Volume 19, Issue 9, September 2018, Pages 1138-1139
The Lancet Oncology

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Can radiomics personalise immunotherapy?

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30429-7Get rights and content

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    They will help identify responders non-invasively before starting immunotherapy (depending on PD-1/PD-L1 expression) or differentiate pseudoprogression from real progression (depending on T cell activation or non-activation).35 Radiomics (a new term used to describe the extraction of advanced quantitative characteristics from CT or magnetic resonance images) may correlate with underlying molecular and genetic characteristics (radiogenomics) and with different tumor phenotypes, assisting in the development of better biomarkers in the future.67–69 As we gradually overcome these challenges, the diagnostic management of patients will improve, probably impacting positively on their survival and quality of life; these new techniques and strategies may even let us hope that the curing of metastatic LC is not just a dream.

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    In the immune response phase, tumors are characterized by dense functional CD8 cell infiltration, increased expression of interferon-gamma, and cell checkpoint markers (e.g., PD-L1), which respond to immunotherapy at this stage. In the immune rejection phase, several biological signals are generated in the tumor, including transforming growth factor-β signal, activation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and angiogenic signals, suggesting inhibition of T-cell infiltration [22,23]. The immunodeficiency phase is characterized by low CD8 cell infiltration.

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