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Vol. 46. Issue S6.
II Foro Nacional de Neumólogos en Formación
Pages 8-13 (October 2010)
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Vol. 46. Issue S6.
II Foro Nacional de Neumólogos en Formación
Pages 8-13 (October 2010)
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Control del asma. Posibles “piedras en el camino”
Asthma control. Possible obstacles along the way
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6769
Ana Kersula, Santi Balmesb, Nuria Rodríguezc, Alfons Torregob,
Corresponding author
Atorrego@Santpau.Cat

Autor para correspondencia.
a Hospital Son Dureta, Palma de Mallorca, España
b Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
c Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España
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Con las pautas terapéuticas actuales, la mayoría de pacientes con asma debería alcanzar un buen control de la enfermedad. Sin embargo, aunque si bien los ingresos y la mortalidad por asma han disminuido, los resultados relativos al nivel de control y calidad de vida están lejos de la situación óptima que sería esperable de acuerdo a la eficacia potencial de los tratamientos. Esta discrepancia puede deberse a diferentes factores y es compleja de analizar. Un mal control del asma puede estar causado por motivos tan diversos como que el paciente no haya entendido como tomar la medicación, u otros como que padezca una comorbilidad no tratada que empeore el asma o bien que sufra una forma de asma grave insensible a los glucocorticoides. En el artículo se repasan circunstancias en las que el mal control del asma sucede por razones atribuibles a aspectos humanos, los cuales pueden ser debidos al propio paciente e independientes a la propia enfermedad, o bien a un déficit en la actuación de los profesionales de la salud en aspectos específicos y circunstancias vinculadas al asma. Además, también se analiza un pequeño pero importante grupo de pacientes con asma en los que la enfermedad en sí misma es grave y refractaria a los tratamientos habituales.

Palabras clave:
Asma
Control
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Abstract

With current therapeutic regimens, asthma should be well controlled in most patients. However, although asthma-related hospital admissions and mortality have decreased, the potential efficacy of treatments is not translating into optimal asthma control and quality of life. This discrepancy may be due to several factors and is complex to analyze. Poor asthma control can be caused by diverse reasons such as the patient's failure to understand how to take the medication, the presence of an untreated, underlying comborbid condition that aggravates the asthma, and the possibility that the patient has a severe form of glucocorticosteroid-insensitive asthma.

The present article reviews the situations in which poor asthma control occurs for human-related reasons. These situations can be due to patients themselves and be independent of the disease or can be due to inadequate intervention by health professionals in specific areas and circumstances linked to asthma. A small but important group of patients with asthma is also analyzed; in this group, the asthma per se is severe and is refractory to routine treatments.

Keywords:
Asthma
Control
Difficult
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