PLATINO is a population-based study designed to determine the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in São Paulo, Brazil; Mexico City, Mexico; Montevideo, Uruguay; Santiago de Chile, Chile; and Caracas, Venezuela. The objective of this portion of PLATINO was to describe preventive and pharmacological treatment of COPD patients and factors associated with such treatment.
Patients and methodsEligible subjects completed a questionnaire and underwent postbronchodilator spirometry.
ResultsOf the total of 5529 individuals who answered items referring to treatment, 758 had COPD (ratio of postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity of <0.7), and 86 of them had been previously diagnosed by a physician. Among all COPD patients, only half of smokers or former smokers had been advised to quit and 24.7% had received some type of respiratory medication. Only 13.5% had used inhaled corticosteroids, and those were the patients with the most severe disease. In the group of patients who had a prior medical diagnosis of COPD, 69% of the smokers or former smokers had been advised to quit by a physician and 75.6% had received respiratory medication in the preceding year: 43% reported having used inhaled medication and 36% had used bronchodilators. Rates of vaccination against influenza and the use of mucolytic drugs and inhalers varied from one health care facility to another. All drug prescriptions were based on previous spirometry.
ConclusionsSpirometry emerged not only as a diagnostic tool, but also as a factor associated with treatment, against a background of uneven use of available health care resources in these 5 Latin American cities.
PLATINO es un estudio de base poblacional para medir la prevalencia de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) en São Paulo (Brasil), Ciudad de México (México), Montevideo (Uruguay), Santiago de Chile (Chile) y Caracas (Venezuela). El objetivo ha sido describir el tratamiento preventivo y farmacológico en individuos con EPOC y los factores asociados al mismo.
Pacientes y métodosLos sujetos elegibles completaron un cuestionario y realizaron una espirometría posbroncodilatador.
ResultadosDe un total de 5.529 individuos con datos autorreferidos sobre tratamiento, se identificó como afectados de EPOC (relación volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo/capacidad vital forzada < 0,7 posbroncodilatador) a 758, de los que 86 tenían diagnóstico médico previo. Considerando la totalidad de los pacientes con EPOC, sólo la mitad de los fumadores o exfumadores había recibido consejo antitabáquico y el 24,7% recibió algún tipo de medicación respiratoria. El uso de esteroides inhalados alcanzó un 13,5% de los individuos más graves. En el grupo de EPOC con diagnóstico médico previo, el 69% de los fumadores o exfumadores había recibido consejo médico para dejar de fumar y el 75,6% medicación respiratoria en el último año, un 43% de ellos por vía inhalada y un 36% broncodilatadores. La cobertura de vacunación antigripal y el uso de mucolíticos e inhaladores fueron variables en los distintos centros. Todas las prescripciones terapéuticas se asociaron a espirometría previa.
ConclusionesLa espirometría surge no sólo como una herramienta diagnóstica, sino como factor asociado al tratamiento, en un contexto dispar de utilización de los recursos disponibles en estas 5 ciudades de América Latina.
María Márquez, Pedro Hallal, Dolores Moreno, Fernanda Rosa, Aquiles Camelier.
Boehringer-Ingelheim financed the study, but had no role in the development of the protocol, the conduct of the study, or the preparation of the present manuscript.