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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Fundamento</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar las caracter&#237;sticas sociodemogr&#225;ficas y de tabaquismo&#44; as&#237; como la presencia de s&#237;ntomas respiratorios y enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr&#243;nica &#40;EPOC&#41; en cuatro grupos de fumadores&#58; de cigarrillos &#40;FC&#41;&#44; de cigarros &#40;FP&#41;&#44; de cigarrillos y cigarros &#40;FCP&#41;&#44; de cigarros que fueron fumadores de cigarrillos &#40;FPEC&#41; y de cigarrillos que fueron fumadores de cigarros &#40;FCEP&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">M&#233;todo</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio epidemiol&#243;gico multic&#233;ntrico que incluy&#243; a 4&#46;035 individuos entre 40 y 69 a&#241;os&#59; 1&#46;963 no fumadores&#44; y 1&#46;146 fumadores activos&#46; Entre estos &#250;ltimos&#44; 869 eran FC&#44; 37 FP&#44; 97 FCP&#44; 86 FPEC y 57 FCEP&#46; Se analizaron sus caracter&#237;sticas sociodemogr&#225;ficas y de tabaquismo&#44; as&#237; como los s&#237;ntomas respiratorios y la presencia de EPOC&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los FP fueron con mayor frecuencia varones&#44; de clases sociales m&#225;s deprimidas &#40;p&#60;0&#44;001&#41; y de mayor edad que los FC &#40;p&#60;0&#44;001&#41;&#44; pero sus concentraciones de CO en aire espirado fueron inferiores a las de los FC &#40;5 ppm frente a 15&#44;7&#59; p&#60;0&#44;001&#41;&#46; El 86&#44;5&#37; de los FP y el 79&#44;1&#37; de los FPEC pensaban que consumir este tipo de tabaco no era perjudicial para su salud ni para la de los fumadores pasivos&#46; La EPOC se diagnostic&#243; en el 13&#44;2&#37; de los FC&#44; en el 24&#44;7&#37; de los FCP y en el 12&#44;8&#37; de los FPEC&#44; frente al 4&#37; de los no fumadores &#40;p&#60;0&#44;001 en todas las comparaciones&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los FP son mayoritariamente varones de m&#225;s edad que los FC y pertenecen a estratos educacionales deprimidos&#46; Tienen concentraciones bajas de CO en su aire espirado y escaso conocimiento de los riesgos que este h&#225;bito supone para su salud&#46; Los FPEC tienen m&#225;s alta incidencia de s&#237;ntomas respiratorios y de EPOC que los no fumadores e id&#233;ntica incidencia de EPOC que los FC&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Background</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The aim of this study was to investigate the sociodemographic characteristics&#44; smoking habits&#44; the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease &#40;COPD&#41; in four groups of smokers&#58; of cigarettes &#40;SCt&#41;&#44; of cigars &#40;SCigar&#41;&#44; of both &#40;SB&#41;&#44; of cigars currently but of cigarettes in the past &#40;SCigarExCt&#41; and of cigarettes currently but of cigars in the past &#40;SCtEx-Cigar&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Method</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A multicenter epidemiological study enrolling 4&#44;035 subjects aged between 40 and 69 years&#46; One thousand nine hundred sixty-three were non-smokers and 1&#44;146 were current smokers&#46; Among the smokers&#44; 869 were SCt&#44; 37 were SCigar&#44; 97 were SB&#44; 86 were SCigarExCt and 57 were SCtExCigar&#46; We analyzed sociodemographic characteristics&#44; smoking and the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and COPD&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cigar smokers were usually men&#44; of lower socioeconomic status &#40;p&#60;0&#46;001&#41; and older than cigarette smokers &#40;p&#60;0&#46;001&#41;&#44; but CO concentrations in expired air were lower in the SCigar group than in the SCt group &#40;5 ppm vs 15&#46;7&#59; p&#60;0&#46;001&#41;&#46; Informants who believed their smoking was not detrimental to their health or to that of second-hand smokers made up 86&#46;5&#37; of the SCigar group and 79&#46;1&#37; of the SCigarExCt group&#46; COPD was diagnosed in 13&#46;2&#37; of the SCt group&#44; in 24&#46;7&#37; of the SB group&#44; and in 12&#46;8&#37; of the SCigarExCt group&#44; in comparison with 4&#37; of the non-smokers &#40;p&#60;0&#46;001 for all comparisons&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">SCigar are mainly older men with lower educational levels&#46; Their concentrations of CO in expired air are low and they have little awareness of the health risks posed by their habit&#46; SCigar who were once smokers of cigarettes have a higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms and COPD than non-smokers and the same prevalence of COPD as SCt&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 38. Issue 11.
Pages 530-535 (November 2002)
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Vol. 38. Issue 11.
Pages 530-535 (November 2002)
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Síntomas respiratorios y diagnóstico de EPOC en fumadores de distintas labores de tabaco. Resultados del estudio IBERPOC
Respiratory symptoms and diagnosis of COPD in smokers of various types to tobacco. Results from the Iberpoc study
Visits
9138
C.A. Jiménez-Ruiza,
Corresponding author
victorina@ctv.es

Correspondencia: Servicio de Neumología. Unidad de Tabaquismo. Hospital Universitario de la Princesa. Diego de León, 62. 28006 Madrid. España
, V. Sobradillob, R. Gabrielc, J.L. Viejod, J.F. Masae, M. Miravitllesf, C. Villasanteg, L. Fernández-Fauh
a Servicio de Neumología. Hospital de la Princesa. Madrid. España
b Unidad de Patología Respiratoria. Hospital de Cruces. Baracaldo. Vizcaya. España
c Unidad de Epidemiología Clínica. Hospital de la Princesa. Madrid. España
d Servicio de Neumología. Hospital General Yagüe. Burgos. España
e Unidad de Neumología. Hospital San Pedro de Alcántara. Cáceres. España
f Servicio de Neumología. Hospital General Vall d'Hebron. Barcelona. España
g Servicio de Neumología. Hospital La Paz. Madrid. España
h Servicio de Cirugía Torácica. Hospital de la Princesa. Madrid. España
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Article information
Fundamento

El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar las características sociodemográficas y de tabaquismo, así como la presencia de síntomas respiratorios y enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) en cuatro grupos de fumadores: de cigarrillos (FC), de cigarros (FP), de cigarrillos y cigarros (FCP), de cigarros que fueron fumadores de cigarrillos (FPEC) y de cigarrillos que fueron fumadores de cigarros (FCEP).

Método

Estudio epidemiológico multicéntrico que incluyó a 4.035 individuos entre 40 y 69 años; 1.963 no fumadores, y 1.146 fumadores activos. Entre estos últimos, 869 eran FC, 37 FP, 97 FCP, 86 FPEC y 57 FCEP. Se analizaron sus características sociodemográficas y de tabaquismo, así como los síntomas respiratorios y la presencia de EPOC.

Resultados

Los FP fueron con mayor frecuencia varones, de clases sociales más deprimidas (p<0,001) y de mayor edad que los FC (p<0,001), pero sus concentraciones de CO en aire espirado fueron inferiores a las de los FC (5 ppm frente a 15,7; p<0,001). El 86,5% de los FP y el 79,1% de los FPEC pensaban que consumir este tipo de tabaco no era perjudicial para su salud ni para la de los fumadores pasivos. La EPOC se diagnosticó en el 13,2% de los FC, en el 24,7% de los FCP y en el 12,8% de los FPEC, frente al 4% de los no fumadores (p<0,001 en todas las comparaciones).

Conclusiones

Los FP son mayoritariamente varones de más edad que los FC y pertenecen a estratos educacionales deprimidos. Tienen concentraciones bajas de CO en su aire espirado y escaso conocimiento de los riesgos que este hábito supone para su salud. Los FPEC tienen más alta incidencia de síntomas respiratorios y de EPOC que los no fumadores e idéntica incidencia de EPOC que los FC.

Palabras clave:
EPOC
Tabaco
Prevalencia
Síntomas respiratorios
Background

The aim of this study was to investigate the sociodemographic characteristics, smoking habits, the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in four groups of smokers: of cigarettes (SCt), of cigars (SCigar), of both (SB), of cigars currently but of cigarettes in the past (SCigarExCt) and of cigarettes currently but of cigars in the past (SCtEx-Cigar).

Method

A multicenter epidemiological study enrolling 4,035 subjects aged between 40 and 69 years. One thousand nine hundred sixty-three were non-smokers and 1,146 were current smokers. Among the smokers, 869 were SCt, 37 were SCigar, 97 were SB, 86 were SCigarExCt and 57 were SCtExCigar. We analyzed sociodemographic characteristics, smoking and the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and COPD.

Results

Cigar smokers were usually men, of lower socioeconomic status (p<0.001) and older than cigarette smokers (p<0.001), but CO concentrations in expired air were lower in the SCigar group than in the SCt group (5 ppm vs 15.7; p<0.001). Informants who believed their smoking was not detrimental to their health or to that of second-hand smokers made up 86.5% of the SCigar group and 79.1% of the SCigarExCt group. COPD was diagnosed in 13.2% of the SCt group, in 24.7% of the SB group, and in 12.8% of the SCigarExCt group, in comparison with 4% of the non-smokers (p<0.001 for all comparisons).

Conclusions

SCigar are mainly older men with lower educational levels. Their concentrations of CO in expired air are low and they have little awareness of the health risks posed by their habit. SCigar who were once smokers of cigarettes have a higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms and COPD than non-smokers and the same prevalence of COPD as SCt.

Keywords:
COPD
Smoking
Prevalence
Respiratory symptoms
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El estudio Iberpoc es una iniciativa del Área de Trabajo Insuficiencia Respiratoria y Trastornos del Sueño (IRTS) de la Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR). La organización del estudio se detalla en el anexo.

Copyright © 2002. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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