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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Fundamento</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Entre los modelos animales m&#225;s utilizados en estudios de fisiopatolog&#237;a respiratoria se hallan los caninos&#44; debido fundamentalmente a las caracter&#237;sticas fisiol&#243;gicas del perro&#46; Sin embargo&#44; consideraciones &#233;ticas y legales restringen su utilizaci&#243;n en nuestro medio a unas pocas especies</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hemos estudiado las caracter&#237;sticas estructurales b&#225;sicas de m&#250;sculos respiratorios y perif&#233;ricos en el perro beagle&#44; con el fin de aproximar sus valores de referencia para futuros estudios</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">M&#233;todo</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se han incluido 14 animales j&#243;venes de esa raza&#44; en los que se tomaron muestras musculares del diafragma costal &#40;DFG&#41;&#44; intercostal externo &#40;IE&#41; y m&#250;sculo de una extremidad &#40;vasto interno&#41; &#40;PF&#41;&#46; Se analizaron los porcentajes y tama&#241;os fibrilares &#40;inmunohistoqu&#237;mica&#44; anticuerpos anti-cadenas pesadas de miosina o MyHC&#41;&#44; porcentaje y cantidad de las isoformas de MyHC &#40;electroforesis y ELISA&#41;&#44; y grado de da&#241;o de membrana &#40;inmunohistoqu&#237;mica&#44; anti-cuerpos antifibronectina&#41;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las fibras eran mayores en el IE&#44; sobre todo a expensas de las de tipo II &#40;un 20&#37; mayores&#41;&#46; Las fibras resistentes a la fatiga &#40;tipo I&#41; predominaban ampliamente sobre las de contracci&#243;n r&#225;pida &#40;tipo II&#41; en los 3 m&#250;sculos analizados &#40;DFG&#44; 57 &#177; 11 frente a 45 &#177; 12&#59; IE&#44; 58 &#177; 5 frente a 43 &#177; 5&#44; y PF&#44; 70 &#177; 8 frente a 34 &#177; 7&#37;&#41;&#46; La cantidad de fi-bras h&#237;bridas &#40;coexpresi&#243;n de MyHC r&#225;pidas y lentas&#41; era m&#237;nima y similar en los tres m&#250;sculos&#46; La expresi&#243;n absoluta de MyHC era mayor en el PF que en los m&#250;sculos respiratorios&#44; con predominio relativo de la isoforma I en DFG y PF&#44; y tendencia similar en el IE&#46; El da&#241;o de membrana era muy reducido en los tres m&#250;sculos</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las caracter&#237;sticas fenot&#237;picas de los m&#250;sculos respiratorios y PF en el perro beagle responden a lo es-perable funcionalmente en una raza seleccionada inicialmente para la caza&#44; con m&#237;nimos grados de lesi&#243;n en circunstancias normales&#44; predominio de fibras y prote&#237;nas resistentes a la fatiga y fibras mayores en el IE&#44; un m&#250;sculo que desempe&#241;a un papel relevante en la respiraci&#243;n de los perros</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Background</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The dog is one of the most widely used animals in studies of respiratory physiopathology&#44; mainly because of its physiological characteristics&#46; However&#44; ethical and legal constraints are placed on the use of some species in our context</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We studied the underlying structural features of respiratory and peripheral muscles in the beagle dog in order to suggest reference values for future studies</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Method</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Fourteen young beagles were selected&#46; Samples were taken from the costal diaphragm &#40;DFG&#41;&#44; external inter-costal &#40;EI&#41; and vastus medialis &#40;VM&#41; muscles&#46; We analyzed fiber percentages and sizes &#40;immunohistochemistry&#44; using myosin heavy chain &#91;MyHC &#40;monoclonal antibodies&#41;&#44; percen-tages and absolute number of MyHC isoforms &#40;electrophore-sis and ELISA&#41;&#44; and level of membrane damage &#40;immunohis-tochemistry&#44; using anti-fibronectin monoclonal antibodies&#41;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In the EI muscle&#44; type I fibers were larger &#40;by 20&#37;&#41; than type II fibers&#46; Fibers resistant to fatigue &#40;type I&#41; predominated greatly over fast contraction fibers &#40;type II&#41; in all three muscles analyzed &#40;DFG 57&#37; &#177; 11&#37; vs&#46; 45&#37; &#177; 12&#37;&#59; EI 58&#37; &#177; 5&#37; vs&#46; 43&#37; &#177; 5&#37;&#59; and VM 70&#37; &#177; 8&#37; vs&#46; 34&#37; &#177; 7 &#37;&#41;&#46; Few hybrid fibers &#40;co-expression of fast and slow MyHC&#41; were found and their percentages were similar in all three muscles&#46; The absolute expression of MyHC was greater in the VM than in the respiratory muscles&#44; with a relative predominance of the MyHC I isoform in the DFG and VM muscles and a similar tendency in the EI muscle&#46; Membrane damage was very slight in all three muscles</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The phenotype characteristics of respiratory and peripheral muscles in the beagle correspond to what we would expect functionally for a breed initially selected for hunting&#44; with minimal lesions under normal cir-cumstances&#44; a predominance of fibers and proteins that are resistant to fatigue&#44; and larger fibers in the EI&#44; a muscle that plays a role in respiration in dogs</p>"
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Vol. 38. Issue 6.
Pages 272-277 (June 2002)
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Vol. 38. Issue 6.
Pages 272-277 (June 2002)
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Estructura básica de los músculos respiratorios y periféricos en el perro beagle
Basic structure of respiratory and peripheral muscles in the beagle dog
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J.B. Gáldiza, J. Palaciob, F.J. Álvareza, N. Hernándezb, M. Mariñána, J. Geaa,
Corresponding author
jgea@imim.es

Correspondencia: Dr. J. Gea. Servei de Pneumologia. Hospital del Mar.Pg. Marítim 27. 08003 Barcelona
a Servicio de Neumología. Hospital de Cruces. Universidad del País Vasco. Bilbao
b Servicio de Neumología. Unidad de Investigación Respiratoria y Ambiental. Hospital del Mar-IMIM. Fisiopatología (CEXS). Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Barcelona
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Fundamento

Entre los modelos animales más utilizados en estudios de fisiopatología respiratoria se hallan los caninos, debido fundamentalmente a las características fisiológicas del perro. Sin embargo, consideraciones éticas y legales restringen su utilización en nuestro medio a unas pocas especies

Objetivo

Hemos estudiado las características estructurales básicas de músculos respiratorios y periféricos en el perro beagle, con el fin de aproximar sus valores de referencia para futuros estudios

Método

Se han incluido 14 animales jóvenes de esa raza, en los que se tomaron muestras musculares del diafragma costal (DFG), intercostal externo (IE) y músculo de una extremidad (vasto interno) (PF). Se analizaron los porcentajes y tamaños fibrilares (inmunohistoquímica, anticuerpos anti-cadenas pesadas de miosina o MyHC), porcentaje y cantidad de las isoformas de MyHC (electroforesis y ELISA), y grado de daño de membrana (inmunohistoquímica, anti-cuerpos antifibronectina)

Resultados

Las fibras eran mayores en el IE, sobre todo a expensas de las de tipo II (un 20% mayores). Las fibras resistentes a la fatiga (tipo I) predominaban ampliamente sobre las de contracción rápida (tipo II) en los 3 músculos analizados (DFG, 57 ± 11 frente a 45 ± 12; IE, 58 ± 5 frente a 43 ± 5, y PF, 70 ± 8 frente a 34 ± 7%). La cantidad de fi-bras híbridas (coexpresión de MyHC rápidas y lentas) era mínima y similar en los tres músculos. La expresión absoluta de MyHC era mayor en el PF que en los músculos respiratorios, con predominio relativo de la isoforma I en DFG y PF, y tendencia similar en el IE. El daño de membrana era muy reducido en los tres músculos

Conclusiones

Las características fenotípicas de los músculos respiratorios y PF en el perro beagle responden a lo es-perable funcionalmente en una raza seleccionada inicialmente para la caza, con mínimos grados de lesión en circunstancias normales, predominio de fibras y proteínas resistentes a la fatiga y fibras mayores en el IE, un músculo que desempeña un papel relevante en la respiración de los perros

Palabras clave:
Músculos respiratorios
Fibras
Cadenas pesadas de miosina
Background

The dog is one of the most widely used animals in studies of respiratory physiopathology, mainly because of its physiological characteristics. However, ethical and legal constraints are placed on the use of some species in our context

Objective

We studied the underlying structural features of respiratory and peripheral muscles in the beagle dog in order to suggest reference values for future studies

Method

Fourteen young beagles were selected. Samples were taken from the costal diaphragm (DFG), external inter-costal (EI) and vastus medialis (VM) muscles. We analyzed fiber percentages and sizes (immunohistochemistry, using myosin heavy chain [MyHC (monoclonal antibodies), percen-tages and absolute number of MyHC isoforms (electrophore-sis and ELISA), and level of membrane damage (immunohis-tochemistry, using anti-fibronectin monoclonal antibodies)

Results

In the EI muscle, type I fibers were larger (by 20%) than type II fibers. Fibers resistant to fatigue (type I) predominated greatly over fast contraction fibers (type II) in all three muscles analyzed (DFG 57% ± 11% vs. 45% ± 12%; EI 58% ± 5% vs. 43% ± 5%; and VM 70% ± 8% vs. 34% ± 7 %). Few hybrid fibers (co-expression of fast and slow MyHC) were found and their percentages were similar in all three muscles. The absolute expression of MyHC was greater in the VM than in the respiratory muscles, with a relative predominance of the MyHC I isoform in the DFG and VM muscles and a similar tendency in the EI muscle. Membrane damage was very slight in all three muscles

Conclusions

The phenotype characteristics of respiratory and peripheral muscles in the beagle correspond to what we would expect functionally for a breed initially selected for hunting, with minimal lesions under normal cir-cumstances, a predominance of fibers and proteins that are resistant to fatigue, and larger fibers in the EI, a muscle that plays a role in respiration in dogs

Keywords:
Respiratory muscles
Fibers
Myosin heavy chain
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Copyright © 2002. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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