Letter to the Editor
Inhaled Corticosteroids in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Some Considerations
Corticoides inhalados en enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica: algunas consideraciones
Adolfo Baloira Villar
, Marta Núñez Fernández, Abel Pallarés Sanmartín
Corresponding author
Servicio de Neumología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Spain
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"https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0300289615003671?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212915003298?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" "url" => "/15792129/0000005200000004/v2_201604010234/S1579212915003298/v2_201604010234/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Letter to the Editor</span>" "titulo" => "Inhaled Corticosteroids in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Some Considerations" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "saludo" => "To the Editor:" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "paginaInicial" => "229" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Adolfo Baloira Villar, Marta Núñez Fernández, Abel Pallarés Sanmartín" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Adolfo" "apellidos" => "Baloira Villar" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "adolfo.baloira.villar@sergas.es" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Marta" "apellidos" => "Núñez Fernández" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Abel" "apellidos" => "Pallarés Sanmartín" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Spain" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Corticoides inhalados en enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica: algunas consideraciones" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We read with great interest the consensus document on the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), published in <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">Archivos de Bronconeumología</span>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> and we would like to consider some aspects.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The use of ICS in COPD remains a controversial subject, and a good number of studies argue either for it or against it. The main indication, which moreover achieves 100% consensus in the above-mentioned document, is in patients with COPD/asthma overlap syndrome – but the problem lies in defining this phenotype.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> A previous diagnosis of asthma may be the best criterion, but this approach assumes that the asthma diagnosis is correct, which may not always be the case.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The other most widely accepted indication is in frequent exacerbations. Several review articles have questioned whether the modest improvement achieved is clinically relevant for the patient. We were interested to see that the weight of consensus on whether to add ICS to the treatment of patient with frequent exacerbations, irrespective of their FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> value shifted significantly (54% vs 92%) between the first and second round of questions. This is probably a reflection of the participants’ uncertainty, possibly fueled by studies such as Withdrawal of Inhaled Steroids during Optimized Bronchodilator Management (WISDOM) and Indacaterol: Switching Nonexacerbating Patients with moderate COPD from Salmeterol/Fluticasone to Indacaterol (INSTEAD). Although the final result was taken as consensus, perhaps such a dramatic change should be studied in greater depth.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We would also like to examine the lack of agreement regarding the withdrawal of ICS in the case of eosinophilia. Evidence is growing on the role of elevated blood eosinophils in predicting COPD exacerbations. A recent study of fluticasone/vilanterol compared to vilanterol alone showed that exacerbations were only significantly reduced when blood eosinophilia was >2%, and that a much greater effect was found when eosinophil levels exceeded 6%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> The consensus panel does not appear to be convinced of the benefit of ICS in exacerbations caused by infectious processes, since 37.5% agreed in the first round and 52% in the second. Bafadhel et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> point out that blood eosinophilia is a principal biomarker for non-infectious exacerbations, correlating with response to steroids during exacerbations.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We, personally, agree with Ernst et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> who found that the best current marker for favorable response to ICS in COPD is the presence of eosinophilia. More biomarkers are needed for determining which patients within the wide spectrum of COPD will benefit most from long-term treatment with ICS.</p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Baloira Villar A, Núñez Fernández M, Pallarés Sanmartín A. Corticoides inhalados en enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica: algunas consideraciones. Arch Bronconeumol. 2016;52:236.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:5 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Documento de consenso «Uso adecuado de los corticoides inhalados en la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica»" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "B. Alcázar Navarrete" 1 => "C. Casanova" 2 => "M. Miravitlles" 3 => "P. de Lucas" 4 => "J.A. Riesco" 5 => "J.M. 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Hanania" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s11882-014-0509-6" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Curr Allergy Asthma Rep" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "15" "paginaInicial" => "509" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25712010" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Blood eosinophil counts, exacerbations, and response to the addition of inhaled fluticasone furoate to vilanterol in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a secondary analysis of data from two parallel randomised controlled trials" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "S. Pascoe" 1 => "N. Locantore" 2 => "M.T. Dransfield" 3 => "N.C. Barnes" 4 => "I.D. 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Haldar" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/rccm.201104-0597OC" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "184" "paginaInicial" => "662" "paginaFinal" => "671" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21680942" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Inhaled corticosteroids in COPD: the clinical evidence" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "P. Ernst" 1 => "N. Saad" 2 => "S. Suissa" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1183/09031936.00128914" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "45" "paginaInicial" => "525" "paginaFinal" => "537" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25537556" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0140673600021401" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "01406736" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/15792129/0000005200000004/v2_201604010234/S1579212916000288/v2_201604010234/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "49862" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Letter to the Editor" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/15792129/0000005200000004/v2_201604010234/S1579212916000288/v2_201604010234/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00003Z&text.app=https://archbronconeumol.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212916000288?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" ]
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