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which was not identical in all participants&#46; Data capture was performed with RedCap&#174;&#44; and data analysis with the STATA v&#46;16 program&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We invited 79 patients to participate&#59; 70 attended the lab&#44; 57&#37; were men and 40 &#40;57&#37;&#41; had received invasive mechanical ventilation &#40;IMV&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The mean age was 47&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13 years&#44; mean weight 74&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3 and mean height 162<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#46;5&#59; 75&#37; of participants were overweight or obese&#46; The mean time elapsed between the onset of symptoms and the first and second visits was 92<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>22 days and 174<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>37 days&#44; respectively&#46; At the first visit&#44; 7 subjects did not perform the 6-MWT due to a risk of falling&#44; alterations in gait or dizziness&#59; at the second visit&#44; 2 individuals could not perform any study due to anxiety or cardiovascular decompensation&#44; and 4 additional individuals could not perform the 6-MWT&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> shows the increases in forced lung volumes&#44; DL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">CO</span> and MIP-MEP at the second evaluation&#46; The mean changes per month of follow-up were as follows&#58; FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#58; &#43;23<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml &#40;95&#37;CI 3&#46;2&#8211;43&#46;2 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;02&#41;&#44; FVC&#58; &#43;45<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml &#40;95&#37;CI 20&#8211;70&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;0006&#41;&#44; and DL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">CO</span>&#58; &#43;0&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;min&#47;mmHg &#40;units&#41; &#40;95&#37;CI 0&#46;35&#8211;1&#46;1&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;0002&#41;&#44; and improvement among them was correlated&#46; Although DL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">CO</span> on average&#44; increased significantly in the participants&#44; in two patients decreased &#62;15&#37;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We observed no significant increase in the distance walked during the 6-MWT &#40;6-MWD&#44; &#43;3&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m&#44; 95&#37; CI &#8722;2&#46;97 to 10&#46;5&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;26&#41;&#59; moreover&#44; 14 subjects walked 30 meters less than in the first evaluation&#44; which is considered the minimum clinically significant difference&#46; The change in the 6-MWD did not correlate with improvement in the other functional tests&#46; In mixed models&#44; the distance walked was associated with DL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">CO</span> &#40;1&#46;99<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m&#47;unit&#44; 95&#37; CI &#8722;0&#46;4 to 4&#46;4&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;1&#41;&#44; MIP &#40;1&#46;11<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m&#47;cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O&#44; 95&#37; CI 0&#46;4 to 1&#46;8&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#44; and IMV &#40;&#8722;39&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m&#44; 95&#37; CI &#8722;81 to 3&#46;0&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;07&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Desaturation &#40;4&#37; decrease from baseline or drop to &#60;85&#37;&#41; during the 6-MWT was present in 65&#37; of patients in the first evaluation and in 46&#37; of patients in the second&#44; with a nonsignificant quantitative change &#40;&#8722;0&#46;01&#37;&#47;month&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;8&#41;&#44; even if adjusted for meters walked &#40;2&#37;&#47;km&#47;month&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;98&#41;&#46; In mixed models&#44; desaturation during the 6-MWT was associated with higher BMI &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;056&#41;&#44; lower DL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">CO</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;03&#41; and cough persistence &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;02&#41; but not with previous IMV &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;17&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">IMV during acute infection was associated with a significant decrease in DL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">CO</span> &#40;2&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;min&#47;mmHg&#41; and in the 6-MWT &#40;41<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m&#41; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;02&#41; but did not affect FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;98&#41;&#44; FVC &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;21&#41; or clinical symptoms&#46; Surprisingly&#44; almost half of subjects presented a slow heart rate recovery &#40;HRR&#41; one minute after finishing the 6-MWT&#44; &#40;HRR&#60;14 beats per minute&#41;&#44; especially in those who had IMV&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We observed that at 6 months after presentation of COVID-19&#44; respiratory mechanics had improved slightly &#40;&#60;100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml per month of follow-up&#41;&#44; the DL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">CO</span> improved to a greater degree &#40;0&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;month&#41; and improvements in FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#44; FVC and DL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">CO</span> were intercorrelated&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However&#44; no improvement was observed in the distance walked&#44; or in the oxygen desaturation after the 6MWT as a crude value or adjusted by meters walked&#46; There were even individuals in whom the 6-MWT decreased&#44; even though they had participated in a rehabilitation program&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This result could be due to physical deconditioning if individuals did not continue to exercise at home&#46; Furthermore&#44; these individuals may have important limitations that prevent increasing their exercise level&#44; such as fatigue&#44; weakness&#44; mental health problems&#44; or restriction in pulmonary circulation with or without pulmonary hypertension&#44; which could partly explain the persistent oxygen desaturation&#46; As shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#44; 46&#37; of participants did not exhibit proper HRR within one minute of completing the 6-MWT&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In previous studies&#44; female sex&#44; the presence of comorbidities&#44; and recovering from acute respiratory distress syndrome were associated with lower 6-MWT scores&#46; However&#44; in our group&#44; even individuals who did not require IMV demonstrated lack of improvement in the 6MWD with persisting oxygen desaturation&#44; a common event at the altitude of Mexico City&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After a median of 78 days&#44; odynophagia and anosmia improved&#44; but other symptoms persisted&#44; regardless of whether or not patients were intubated&#46; These findings demonstrated the long convalescence period that can accompany COVID-19&#44; similar to other infections such as SARS-CoV and MERS&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#8211;20</span></a></p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; after 6 months of post-COVID follow-up&#44; small improvements in FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> and FVC and moderate improvements in DL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">CO</span> were observed&#44; but the walking distance did not improve substantially&#46; Moreover&#44; almost half of participants manifested oxygen desaturation and delayed HR recovery after walking regardless of whether they were intubated&#46; The impact of physical deconditioning should be eliminated as much as possible&#44; possibly through in situ massive rehabilitation programs&#44; whereas other pulmonary or nonpulmonary factors that may limit physical conditioning should be excluded&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Authors&#8217; Contributions</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">W&#46;M-M was involved in literature search&#44; data collection&#44; interpretation of data for the work&#44; and revising the content&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">L&#46;G&#46;R contribute to the conception or design of the work&#59; acquisition&#44; analysis&#44; interpretation of data&#44; drafting the work&#44; revising it critically for important intellectual content&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">J&#46;P-P contribute to analysis&#44; interpretation of data&#44; revising it critically for important intellectual content&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A&#46;S-R was involved in literature search&#44; data collection&#44; data base elaboration and in the writing of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A&#46;G-M was involved in data collection&#44; interpretation of data for the work&#44; and revising the content&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">I&#46;S-E was involved in data collection and data base elaboration&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A&#46;D-C was involved in data collection and data base elaboration&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">M&#46;S-C was involved in data collection and data base elaboration&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">C&#46;G-V was involved in data collection&#44; data base elaboration and design of the work&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">L&#46;L-M was involved in data collection&#44; data base elaboration and administrative paperwork&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflict of Interests</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">L&#46;G-R&#46; declares fees as speaker from GSK&#44; Astra-Zeneca&#44; Chiesi&#59; and as advisory board with Circassia and Vyaire Company&#46; C G-V has competing interest with GSK&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>forced expiratory volume in the first second of exhalation&#59; FVC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>forced vital capacity&#59; DL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">CO</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide&#59; VA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>alveolar volume&#59; 6-MWT<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>six-minute walking test&#59; SpO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>oxygen saturation measured by a pulse oximeter&#59; HRR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>heart rate recovery&#59; bpm<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>beats per minute&#59; MIP<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>maximal inspiratory pressure&#59; MEP<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>maximal expiratory pressure&#59; &#37; pred<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>percentage of predicted&#59; LLN<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>lower limit of normal&#46;</p><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Continuous variables &#40;paired Student&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span>-test&#41; and categorical variables &#40;McNemar&#39;s test&#41; were compared between the first and second visit &#40;&#42;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;05&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8224;</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#46;</p><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The change of each variable between the first and second visit was evaluated by a one-sample <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test against a hypothesized mean of zero &#40;&#42;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;05&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8224;</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#44; L&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;87<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;98<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;6&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;065&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;0214 to 0&#46;115&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#44; &#37; pred&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">90&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">93&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8224;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8224;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;06 to 4&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">VA&#44; &#37;pred&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6-MWT&#44; m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6-MWT&#44; &#37; pred&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Dyspnea&#44; initial &#40;Borg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Dyspnea&#44; final &#40;Borg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Fatigue&#44; initial &#40;Borg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#8722;1&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Fatigue&#44; final &#40;Borg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Nadir SpO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> in 6-MWT&#44; &#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">86&#46;8 &#40;4&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">87&#46;9 &#40;4&#46;85&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8722;0&#46;82 to 2&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">HRR during 6-MWT&#44; bpm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">17 &#40;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13 &#40;21&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#8722;5&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8722;11 to 0&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">MIP&#44; cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">92&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>25&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">101&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>25&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#46;5 to 13&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">MIP&#44; &#37; pred&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#46;7 to 18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">MEP&#44; cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">108&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>33&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">111&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>40&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8722;2&#46;3 to 13&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">MEP&#44; &#37; pred&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">50&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">51&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#46;6&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;21 to 17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">FVC&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;14&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11 &#40;15&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">DL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">CO</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20 &#40;28&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11 &#40;15&#46;7&#41; &#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6MWT&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19 &#40;27&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20 &#40;28&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">MIP&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;20&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;13&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">MEP&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">65 &#40;92&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">63 &#40;90&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Low HRR during 6-MWT&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21&#40;33&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30 &#40;46&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">SpO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#44; &#60;85&#37; or &#916; 4&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">46 &#40;65&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">32 &#40;46&#41;&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Fatigue&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30 &#40;43&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18 &#40;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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Scientific Letter
Improvement in Walking Distance Lags Raise in Lung Function in Post-COVID Patients
La distancia caminada en pacientes que padecieron COVID-19 se recupera más lentamente que otras pruebas de función respiratoria
Wilmer Madrid-Mejíaa,, Laura Gochicoa-Rangela,,
Corresponding author
drgochis@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, José Rogelio Pérez Padillab, Antonio Salles-Rojasa, Amaury González-Molinaa, Isabel Salas-Escamillaa, Adela Durán-Cuellara, Mónica Silva-Ceróna, Carlos Guzmán-Valderrábanoa, Luis Lozano-Martíneza
a Department of Respiratory Physiology. National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
b COPD and Tobacco Research Department. National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
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    "titulo" => "Improvement in Walking Distance Lags Raise in Lung Function in Post-COVID Patients"
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        "titulo" => "La distancia caminada en pacientes que padecieron COVID-19 se recupera m&#225;s lentamente que otras pruebas de funci&#243;n respiratoria"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Several studies agree that individuals who recover from COVID-19 often have persistent symptoms and impairment in pulmonary function tests &#40;PFTs&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;9</span></a> even 6 months after the presentation of COVID-19&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Cross-sectional evaluations have limitations in determining the course of recovery over time&#44; and a longitudinal follow-up is more reliable&#44; as it takes into account the initial condition&#44; avoids difficulties with the adjustment of reference equations as well as cohort and period biases&#46; This study aims to describe the clinical and longitudinal pulmonary function changes in subjects who have recovered from COVID-19 at &#8764;3 and 6 months after disease presentation&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This prospective cohort study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the institution &#40;C16-20&#41; and was conducted from June to December 2020 at the Department of Respiratory Physiology of the National Institute of Respiratory Diseases&#44; located in Mexico City&#44; at 2240<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m above sea level&#46; This study did not receive external funding&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We invited all discharged patients who were hospitalized due to COVID-19 pneumonia confirmed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction &#40;RT-PCR&#41; of a respiratory tract sample to participate&#46; Patients were excluded if they had any inability to undergo PFTs&#44; severe respiratory distress requiring continuous oxygen&#44; decompensated disease&#44; or a respiratory infection within the last 14 days&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Participants signed an informed consent form and underwent a health questionnaire&#44; anthropometric measurements&#44; PFT-spirometry &#91;forced expiratory volume in the first second &#40;FEV1&#41; and forced vital capacity &#40;FVC&#41;&#93;&#44; single-breath diffusing capacity of lung for carbon monoxide &#40;DL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">CO</span>&#41;&#44; a six-minute walking test &#40;6-MWT&#41;&#44; and maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure &#40;MIP-MEP&#41; at approximately 3 and 6 months after presenting with the disease&#46; Between visits&#44; patients were prescribed strength&#44; endurance&#44; and flexibility exercises and pulmonary physical therapy consisting of dyspnea management with paused abdominal breathing and secretion management if present&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">PFTs were performed according to American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society guidelines<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#8211;15</span></a> on a Master-Screen PFT and Master-Screen Body-PFT &#40;Vyaire&#59; Hochberg&#44; Germany&#41;&#46; The 6-MWT was performed in a 30-m corridor using a pulse oximeter with a finger sensor &#40;Massimo SET&#44; Rad 57&#44; Massimo&#44; Irving&#44; US&#41;&#46; All PFT lab staff wore personal protective equipment&#59; and each patient used disposable virus and bacterial filters&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Comparisons of variables between visits were performed with paired Student&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-tests&#44; and categorical variables were compared with McNemar&#39;s test&#46; The changes in each variable were evaluated by a one-sample <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-tests against a hypothesized mean of zero&#46; Models with multilevel analysis were used to identify predictors of improvement of the main outcome variables &#40;forced lung volumes&#44; DL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">CO</span>&#44; 6-MWT&#44; SpO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> nadir during the 6-MWT&#44; MIP-MEP and clinical symptoms&#41;&#46; The change in functional variables during follow-up was adjusted for follow-up time in months&#44; which was not identical in all participants&#46; Data capture was performed with RedCap&#174;&#44; and data analysis with the STATA v&#46;16 program&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We invited 79 patients to participate&#59; 70 attended the lab&#44; 57&#37; were men and 40 &#40;57&#37;&#41; had received invasive mechanical ventilation &#40;IMV&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The mean age was 47&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13 years&#44; mean weight 74&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3 and mean height 162<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#46;5&#59; 75&#37; of participants were overweight or obese&#46; The mean time elapsed between the onset of symptoms and the first and second visits was 92<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>22 days and 174<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>37 days&#44; respectively&#46; At the first visit&#44; 7 subjects did not perform the 6-MWT due to a risk of falling&#44; alterations in gait or dizziness&#59; at the second visit&#44; 2 individuals could not perform any study due to anxiety or cardiovascular decompensation&#44; and 4 additional individuals could not perform the 6-MWT&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> shows the increases in forced lung volumes&#44; DL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">CO</span> and MIP-MEP at the second evaluation&#46; The mean changes per month of follow-up were as follows&#58; FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#58; &#43;23<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml &#40;95&#37;CI 3&#46;2&#8211;43&#46;2 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;02&#41;&#44; FVC&#58; &#43;45<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml &#40;95&#37;CI 20&#8211;70&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;0006&#41;&#44; and DL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">CO</span>&#58; &#43;0&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;min&#47;mmHg &#40;units&#41; &#40;95&#37;CI 0&#46;35&#8211;1&#46;1&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;0002&#41;&#44; and improvement among them was correlated&#46; Although DL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">CO</span> on average&#44; increased significantly in the participants&#44; in two patients decreased &#62;15&#37;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We observed no significant increase in the distance walked during the 6-MWT &#40;6-MWD&#44; &#43;3&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m&#44; 95&#37; CI &#8722;2&#46;97 to 10&#46;5&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;26&#41;&#59; moreover&#44; 14 subjects walked 30 meters less than in the first evaluation&#44; which is considered the minimum clinically significant difference&#46; The change in the 6-MWD did not correlate with improvement in the other functional tests&#46; In mixed models&#44; the distance walked was associated with DL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">CO</span> &#40;1&#46;99<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m&#47;unit&#44; 95&#37; CI &#8722;0&#46;4 to 4&#46;4&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;1&#41;&#44; MIP &#40;1&#46;11<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m&#47;cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O&#44; 95&#37; CI 0&#46;4 to 1&#46;8&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#44; and IMV &#40;&#8722;39&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m&#44; 95&#37; CI &#8722;81 to 3&#46;0&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;07&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Desaturation &#40;4&#37; decrease from baseline or drop to &#60;85&#37;&#41; during the 6-MWT was present in 65&#37; of patients in the first evaluation and in 46&#37; of patients in the second&#44; with a nonsignificant quantitative change &#40;&#8722;0&#46;01&#37;&#47;month&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;8&#41;&#44; even if adjusted for meters walked &#40;2&#37;&#47;km&#47;month&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;98&#41;&#46; In mixed models&#44; desaturation during the 6-MWT was associated with higher BMI &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;056&#41;&#44; lower DL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">CO</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;03&#41; and cough persistence &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;02&#41; but not with previous IMV &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;17&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">IMV during acute infection was associated with a significant decrease in DL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">CO</span> &#40;2&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;min&#47;mmHg&#41; and in the 6-MWT &#40;41<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m&#41; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;02&#41; but did not affect FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;98&#41;&#44; FVC &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;21&#41; or clinical symptoms&#46; Surprisingly&#44; almost half of subjects presented a slow heart rate recovery &#40;HRR&#41; one minute after finishing the 6-MWT&#44; &#40;HRR&#60;14 beats per minute&#41;&#44; especially in those who had IMV&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We observed that at 6 months after presentation of COVID-19&#44; respiratory mechanics had improved slightly &#40;&#60;100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml per month of follow-up&#41;&#44; the DL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">CO</span> improved to a greater degree &#40;0&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;month&#41; and improvements in FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#44; FVC and DL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">CO</span> were intercorrelated&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However&#44; no improvement was observed in the distance walked&#44; or in the oxygen desaturation after the 6MWT as a crude value or adjusted by meters walked&#46; There were even individuals in whom the 6-MWT decreased&#44; even though they had participated in a rehabilitation program&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This result could be due to physical deconditioning if individuals did not continue to exercise at home&#46; Furthermore&#44; these individuals may have important limitations that prevent increasing their exercise level&#44; such as fatigue&#44; weakness&#44; mental health problems&#44; or restriction in pulmonary circulation with or without pulmonary hypertension&#44; which could partly explain the persistent oxygen desaturation&#46; As shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#44; 46&#37; of participants did not exhibit proper HRR within one minute of completing the 6-MWT&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In previous studies&#44; female sex&#44; the presence of comorbidities&#44; and recovering from acute respiratory distress syndrome were associated with lower 6-MWT scores&#46; However&#44; in our group&#44; even individuals who did not require IMV demonstrated lack of improvement in the 6MWD with persisting oxygen desaturation&#44; a common event at the altitude of Mexico City&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After a median of 78 days&#44; odynophagia and anosmia improved&#44; but other symptoms persisted&#44; regardless of whether or not patients were intubated&#46; These findings demonstrated the long convalescence period that can accompany COVID-19&#44; similar to other infections such as SARS-CoV and MERS&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#8211;20</span></a></p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; after 6 months of post-COVID follow-up&#44; small improvements in FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> and FVC and moderate improvements in DL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">CO</span> were observed&#44; but the walking distance did not improve substantially&#46; Moreover&#44; almost half of participants manifested oxygen desaturation and delayed HR recovery after walking regardless of whether they were intubated&#46; The impact of physical deconditioning should be eliminated as much as possible&#44; possibly through in situ massive rehabilitation programs&#44; whereas other pulmonary or nonpulmonary factors that may limit physical conditioning should be excluded&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Authors&#8217; Contributions</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">W&#46;M-M was involved in literature search&#44; data collection&#44; interpretation of data for the work&#44; and revising the content&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">L&#46;G&#46;R contribute to the conception or design of the work&#59; acquisition&#44; analysis&#44; interpretation of data&#44; drafting the work&#44; revising it critically for important intellectual content&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">J&#46;P-P contribute to analysis&#44; interpretation of data&#44; revising it critically for important intellectual content&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A&#46;S-R was involved in literature search&#44; data collection&#44; data base elaboration and in the writing of the manuscript&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A&#46;G-M was involved in data collection&#44; interpretation of data for the work&#44; and revising the content&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">I&#46;S-E was involved in data collection and data base elaboration&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A&#46;D-C was involved in data collection and data base elaboration&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">M&#46;S-C was involved in data collection and data base elaboration&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">C&#46;G-V was involved in data collection&#44; data base elaboration and design of the work&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">L&#46;L-M was involved in data collection&#44; data base elaboration and administrative paperwork&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflict of Interests</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">L&#46;G-R&#46; declares fees as speaker from GSK&#44; Astra-Zeneca&#44; Chiesi&#59; and as advisory board with Circassia and Vyaire Company&#46; C G-V has competing interest with GSK&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>forced expiratory volume in the first second of exhalation&#59; FVC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>forced vital capacity&#59; DL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">CO</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide&#59; VA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>alveolar volume&#59; 6-MWT<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>six-minute walking test&#59; SpO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>oxygen saturation measured by a pulse oximeter&#59; HRR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>heart rate recovery&#59; bpm<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>beats per minute&#59; MIP<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>maximal inspiratory pressure&#59; MEP<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>maximal expiratory pressure&#59; &#37; pred<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>percentage of predicted&#59; LLN<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>lower limit of normal&#46;</p><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Continuous variables &#40;paired Student&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span>-test&#41; and categorical variables &#40;McNemar&#39;s test&#41; were compared between the first and second visit &#40;&#42;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;05&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8224;</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#46;</p><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The change of each variable between the first and second visit was evaluated by a one-sample <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test against a hypothesized mean of zero &#40;&#42;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;05&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8224;</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#44; L&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;87<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;98<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;6&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;065&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;0214 to 0&#46;115&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#44; &#37; pred&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">90&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">93&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8224;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8224;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;06 to 4&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">FVC&#44; L&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;54<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;86<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;120<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;054 to 0&#46;185&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">FVC&#44; &#37; pred&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">90&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">93&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;2 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;3 to 6&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">DL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">CO</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">29&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">DL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">CO</span>&#44; &#37; pred&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">92&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">97&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6 <span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8225;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">VA&#44; L&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#46;42<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#46;39<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#8722;0&#46;010&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8722;0&#46;230 to 0&#46;213&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">VA&#44; &#37;pred&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">101&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8722;3&#46;9 to 4&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6-MWT&#44; m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">526<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>104&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">519&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>100&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8722;8 to 27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6-MWT&#44; &#37; pred&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">85&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#8722;0&#46;5 to 5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Dyspnea&#44; initial &#40;Borg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Dyspnea&#44; final &#40;Borg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Fatigue&#44; initial &#40;Borg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Fatigue&#44; final &#40;Borg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Nadir SpO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> in 6-MWT&#44; &#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">HRR during 6-MWT&#44; bpm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">MIP&#44; &#37; pred&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8722;2&#46;3 to 13&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">MEP&#44; &#37; pred&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#46;6&#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;21 to 17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">FVC&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;14&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11 &#40;15&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">DL<span class="elsevierStyleInf">CO</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11 &#40;15&#46;7&#41; &#42;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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