Scientific Letter
Lung Ultrasound for Evaluation of COVID-19 in Children
Ecografía torácica para evaluar la COVID-19 en niños
Read
6027
Timeswas read the article
1567
Total PDF
4460
Total HTML
Share statistics
array:23 [ "pii" => "S0300289620303963" "issn" => "03002896" "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2020.10.013" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-01-01" "aid" => "2658" "copyright" => "SEPAR" "copyrightAnyo" => "2020" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "crp" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2021;57 Supl 1:94-6" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "itemSiguiente" => array:17 [ "pii" => "S0300289620303896" "issn" => "03002896" "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2020.10.009" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-01-01" "aid" => "2654" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "cor" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2021;57 Supl 1:97" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Letter to the Editor</span>" "titulo" => "Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency and COVID-19 Infection" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "paginaInicial" => "97" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Deficiencia de Alfa-1 antitripsina e infección por COVID-19" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Michael Strassmair, Manfred Stangl" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Michael" "apellidos" => "Strassmair" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Manfred" "apellidos" => "Stangl" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0300289620303896?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" "url" => "/03002896/00000057000000S1/v1_202101190710/S0300289620303896/v1_202101190710/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S0300289620303811" "issn" => "03002896" "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2020.09.017" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-01-01" "aid" => "2646" "copyright" => "SEPAR" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "crp" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2021;57 Supl 1:92-4" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Scientific letter</span>" "titulo" => "Lung Recruitability of COVID-19 Pneumonia in Patients Undergoing Helmet CPAP" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "92" "paginaFinal" => "94" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Reclutamiento alveolar en la neumonía por COVID-19 de pacientes tratados con sistema <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">helmet</span>-CPAP" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Francesco Amati, Stefano Aliberti, Sofia Misuraca, Edoardo Simonetta, Francesco Bindo, Annalisa Vigni, Linda Bassi, Alessandra Mazzucco, Andrea Cara, Francesco Blasi" "autores" => array:10 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Francesco" "apellidos" => "Amati" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Stefano" "apellidos" => "Aliberti" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Sofia" "apellidos" => "Misuraca" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Edoardo" "apellidos" => "Simonetta" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Francesco" "apellidos" => "Bindo" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Annalisa" "apellidos" => "Vigni" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Linda" "apellidos" => "Bassi" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Alessandra" "apellidos" => "Mazzucco" ] 8 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Andrea" "apellidos" => "Cara" ] 9 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Francesco" "apellidos" => "Blasi" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0300289620303811?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" "url" => "/03002896/00000057000000S1/v1_202101190710/S0300289620303811/v1_202101190710/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Scientific Letter</span>" "titulo" => "Lung Ultrasound for Evaluation of COVID-19 in Children" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "saludo" => "Dear Editor," "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "94" "paginaFinal" => "96" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Talía Sainz, Clara Udaondo, Ana Méndez-Echevarría, Cristina Calvo" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Talía" "apellidos" => "Sainz" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "tsainzcosta@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Clara" "apellidos" => "Udaondo" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Ana" "apellidos" => "Méndez-Echevarría" "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Cristina" "apellidos" => "Calvo" "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Pediatrics and Infectious Disease Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Fundación IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Traslational Research Network of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP), Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Ecografía torácica para evaluar la COVID-19 en niños" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although the evidence is still limited, studies describing the course of SARS-COV-2 infection suggest that the disease is mild in children. Most frequent complication is pneumonia, which occurs between 30 and 80% of cases, eventually requiring hospitalization.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1–3</span></a> Pulmonary involvement has been described in children and adults in pauci or even asymptomatic patients, especially when computerized tomography (CT) is used. In fact, the sensitivity of CT has been suggested to be even higher than PCR for COVID-19 diagnosis, but is not justified in children.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In recent years, point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is being increasingly used in pediatrics, as it is rapid, portable, repeatable, and non-ionizing. Specific patterns of lung ultrasound (LU) have shown to be useful in the differential diagnosis of pneumonia or acute bronchiolitis, with potential for prognosis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5–7</span></a> First case series describing main ultrasound findings in children with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia have been published recently, suggesting a pulmonary involvement similar to the one described in other viral infections.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The aim of this study was to address the usefulness of point-of-care LU, performed by pediatricians, to address pulmonary involvement in children with symptoms considered possibly attributable to SARS-CoV-2, during the first pandemic wave in Madrid.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We performed a prospective observational cohort study, including patients that consulted with symptoms attributable to SARS-CoV-2 infection, from April to June 2020 at the Paediatrics Department of a tertiary hospital in Madrid. The study protocol was reviewed and accepted by the local Ethics Committee.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients below 18 years of age evaluated for fever and/or respiratory symptoms were eligible for inclusion in the study. Exclusion criteria were: chronic lung disease, congenital heart disease, immunodeficiency, and congenital or anatomical defects of the airway.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A LU was performed at the Emergency Room or within the first 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h of admission, using an E-Cube I7 (Alpinion Medical Equipment) equipped with a 3–12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hz lineal probe. Scans were performed by 4 pediatricians with ultrasonography experience, following a common systematic methodology including longitudinal and transversal sections collected on the anterior, lateral, and posterior chest wall, as previously described by Copetti et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Ultrasound findings included: lung sliding, more than 3 B-lines per intercostal space, confluent B-lines and subpleural consolidations. The presence of A lines and fewer than 3 B lines per intercostal space defined normality.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All patients were managed according to the current treatment protocol. Data were collected from the patients’ medical records including all microbiological results, treatment and clinical outcome.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 20 patients were included in this pilot study, with a median age of 5.2 years [IQR: 2.9–11.4], 65% were male. All patients were symptomatic, presenting with fever (80%), cough (55%), short of breathing (40%) and 45% were admitted for a median of 4.5 days [IQR:4–10]. Median duration of symptoms was 5 days [IQR: 2.5–8.5] and 25% of all patients needed oxygen support. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed in 50% of patients either by PCR (42%) or by a positive serology (8%). In two cases, an alternate etiology was found (one mycoplasma, one metapneumovirus). No differences were found in epidemiological and clinical variables between COVID-19 confirmed and unconfirmed cases. Three cases (15%) were transferred to PICU without fatalities.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All but one patient had abnormalities on the chest X-ray, mostly ground glass opacities (35%), perihilar infiltrates (30%) and consolidations (30%), with no differences between the groups (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>). Three COVID-19 patients displayed a completely normal LU, vs. one in the comparison group. In all cases presenting with respiratory symptoms, LU revealed signs of lung involvement during COVID-19 infection. Ultrasound abnormalities were bilateral in 75% of cases in both groups. Pleural irregularities (50% anterior, 70% posterior), more than 3 B lines per intercostal space (uni or bilaterally) were present in 70% of cases, and consolidations in 30%, with no differences between groups. In total, six patients presented with consolidation bigger that 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm (three in each group). There was no pleural effusion in any. The presence of ultrasound abnormalities did not predict the need of supportive oxygen. Isolated, none of the ultrasound findings showed high sensitivity for COVID-19, and no particular ultrasound pattern characterized the infection.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this pilot study in children screened with COVID-19 suspicion, ultrasound findings on admission did not show predictive ability for the identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The accuracy of point-of-care thorax ultrasound was comparable to chest X-ray in order to detect lung abnormalities in the context of SARS-Co-V infection, but findings were indistinguishable from other respiratory infections.</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The accuracy of PCR for the diagnosis of SARS-Co-V infection seems to be lower in children compared to adult patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Chest X-ray is unspecific in most cases, and point of care ultrasound has been suggested as a promising tool by some pediatric studies.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> The accuracy of LU in detecting pediatric pneumonia of any etiology has been extensively proven,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5,9,11</span></a> and the scarce data in the literature suggest that the accuracy in the context of COVID-19 is comparable.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Main COVID-19 findings include pleural irregularities, vertical artifacts, areas of white lung and subpleural consolidations; all characteristic findings in the context of other viral respiratory infections such as acute bronchiolitis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6,12</span></a> Results of our study support these findings, with no abnormalities characterizing COVID-19. Although previous studies including infants admitted with acute bronchiolitis suggest that LU might help predicting clinical outcome, larger studies including severe cases of COVID-19 will be needed in order to test its role in patient stratification. In this context, the use of POCUS has aroused great interest among clinicians managing infected adults. In view of the recommendation of prono position to optimize ventilation of adults suffering from COVID-19, one could expect to find greater involvement when scanning the posterior wall, as described in acute bronchiolitis, where both B-lines and confluent B-lines are seen more often in the posterior area, but no differences were found in our series.</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This is the first study that explores the usefulness of LU as a tool for identification of COVID-19 among children presenting with respiratory symptoms. Our study has several limitations, including the small sample size and the impossibility to completely exclude SARS-COV-2 infection and scans were not performed by a single person. Recruitment is ongoing to validate the usefulness of point of care ultrasound in children suffering from COVID-19.</p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; PICU, pediatric intensive care unit.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">COVID-19 (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Others (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Male sex</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9/10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4/10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Median age in years</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.8 [2.4–10.6] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5.7 [3.5–7.2] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 household contact</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3/10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4/10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Underlying conditions</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2/10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1/10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hospitalization</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6/10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3/10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Signs and symptoms</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Temperature<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>37.9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9/10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7/10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cough \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4/10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7/10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Rhinorrhea \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1/10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5/10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Odynophagia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2/10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2/10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Breathing difficulty \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4/10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4/10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Vomiting \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4/10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1/10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Diarrhea \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1/10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Rash \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2/10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1/10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hypoxia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3/10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2/10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Chest X-ray</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Normal \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1/10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0/10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Perihilar infiltrates \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6/9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ground glass interstitial pattern \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2/9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5/10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Lobar condensation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1/9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5/10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Pleural effusion \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1/10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Bilateral involvement \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8/9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4/10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ultrasound findings</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Normal \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3/10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1/10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Pleural irregularities \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5/7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7/9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>More than 3 B lines per intercostal space \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5/7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7/9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Consolidations > 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3/7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3/9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Bilateral involvement \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5/7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7/9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Representative image \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="202101190712460511"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="202101190712460512"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Blood tests</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Leucocytes/mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9350 [8000–1517] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8474 [4775–11987] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Lymphocytes/mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span> minimum<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1400 [720–2620] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2190 [577–3792] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>C reactive protein; mg/L maximum<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">70 [8–215] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">33 [1–44.5] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Outcome</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Days of admission<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 [3–10.5] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PICU admission \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2494595.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Expressed as median and IQR.</p>" ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical characteristics and lung ultrasound results in children with COVID-19 vs other respiratory infections.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "202101190712460511" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "fx1.jpeg" "Alto" => 836 "Ancho" => 640 "Tamanyo" => 28029 ] ] ] 2 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "202101190712460512" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "fx2.jpeg" "Alto" => 851 "Ancho" => 468 "Tamanyo" => 21814 ] ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:12 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0065" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "SARS-CoV-2 infection in ambulatroy and hospitalized Spanish children" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M. de Ceano-Vivas" 1 => "I. Martín-Espín" 2 => "T. del Rosal" 3 => "M. Bueno-Barriocanal" 4 => "M. Plata-Gallardo" 5 => "J.A. Ruiz-Dominguez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/archdischild-2020-319366" "Revista" => array:2 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Dis Child" "fecha" => "2020" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0070" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Ten key points about COVID-19 in children: the shadows on the wall [published online ahead of print, 2020 Aug 13]" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "L. Escosa-García" 1 => "D. Aguilera-Alonso" 2 => "C. Calvo" 3 => "M.J. Mellado" 4 => "F. Baquero-Artigao" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/ppul.25025" "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Pulmonol" "fecha" => "2020" "paginaInicial" => "10" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17133506" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0075" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Characteristic of COVID-19 infection in pediatric patients: early findings from two Italian Pediatric Research Networks" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "N. Parri" 1 => "A.M. Magistà" 2 => "F. Marchetti" 3 => "B. Cantoni" 4 => "A. Arrighini" 5 => "M. Romanengo" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s00431-020-03683-8" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Pediatr" "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "179" "paginaInicial" => "1315" "paginaFinal" => "1323" ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0080" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Thoracic imaging of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children: a series of 91 cases" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "P. Caro-Dominguez" 1 => "S.C. Shelmerdine" 2 => "S. Toso" 3 => "A. Secinaro" 4 => "P. Toma" 5 => "M.B. Damasio" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s00247-020-04747-5" "Revista" => array:2 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Radiol" "fecha" => "2020" ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0085" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prospective evaluation of point-of-care ultrasonography for the diagnosis of pneumonia in children and young adults" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "V.P. Shah" 1 => "M.G. Tunik" 2 => "J.W. Tsung" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1001/2013.jamapediatrics.107" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "JAMA Pediatr" "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "167" "paginaInicial" => "119" "paginaFinal" => "125" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23229753" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0090" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Lung ultrasound in bronchiolitis: comparison with chest X-ray" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "V.A. Caiulo" 1 => "L. Gargani" 2 => "S. Caiulo" 3 => "A. Fisicaro" 4 => "F. Moramarco" 5 => "G. Latini" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s00431-011-1461-2" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Pediatr" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "170" "paginaInicial" => "1427" "paginaFinal" => "1433" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21468639" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0095" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Point-of-care lung ultrasound in young children with respiratory tract infections and wheeze" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "T. Varshney" 1 => "E. Mok" 2 => "A.J. Shapiro" 3 => "P. Li" 4 => "A.S. Dubrovsky" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/emermed-2015-205302" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Emerg Med J" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "33" "paginaInicial" => "603" "paginaFinal" => "610" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27107052" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0100" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Lung ultrasound in children with COVID-19: preliminary findings" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A.M. Musolino" 1 => "M.C. Supino" 2 => "D. Buonsenso" 3 => "V. Ferro" 4 => "P. Valentini" 5 => "A. Magistrelli" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.04.026" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ultrasound Med Biol" "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "46" "paginaInicial" => "2094" "paginaFinal" => "2098" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32409232" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0105" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Ultrasound diagnosis of pneumonia in children" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "R. Copetti" 1 => "L. Cattarossi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s11547-008-0247-8" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Radiol Med" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "113" "paginaInicial" => "190" "paginaFinal" => "198" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18386121" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s11547-008-0247-8" "WWW" => array:1 [ "link" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18386121" ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0110" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "False negative tests for SARS-CoV-2 infection – challenges and implications [published online ahead of print, 2020 Jun 5]" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "S. Woloshin" 1 => "N. Patel" 2 => "A.S. Kesselheim" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMp2015897" "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med" "fecha" => "2020" "paginaInicial" => "10" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33027579" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0115" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Lung ultrasonography: a viable alternative to chest radiography in children with suspected pneumonia?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "L. Ambroggio" 1 => "H. Sucharew" 2 => "M.S. Rattan" 3 => "S.M. O’Hara" 4 => "D.S. Babcock" 5 => "C. Clohessy" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "176" "paginaInicial" => "98" ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0120" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Lung ultrasound for prediction of respiratory support in infants with acute bronchiolitis: a cohort study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M. Bueno-Campaña" 1 => "T. Sainz" 2 => "M. Alba" 3 => "T. Del Rosal" 4 => "A. Mendez-Echevarría" 5 => "R. Echevarria" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/ppul.24287" "Revista" => array:2 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Pulmonol" "fecha" => "2019" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/03002896/00000057000000S1/v1_202101190710/S0300289620303963/v1_202101190710/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "49741" "tipo" => "SECCION" "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Scientific Letters / Cartas científicas" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/03002896/00000057000000S1/v1_202101190710/S0300289620303963/v1_202101190710/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00003Z&text.app=https://archbronconeumol.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0300289620303963?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 October | 76 | 19 | 95 |
| 2024 September | 78 | 18 | 96 |
| 2024 August | 124 | 41 | 165 |
| 2024 July | 68 | 17 | 85 |
| 2024 June | 119 | 27 | 146 |
| 2024 May | 139 | 20 | 159 |
| 2024 April | 78 | 26 | 104 |
| 2024 March | 66 | 15 | 81 |
| 2024 February | 50 | 33 | 83 |
| 2024 January | 68 | 28 | 96 |
| 2023 December | 67 | 42 | 109 |
| 2023 November | 72 | 29 | 101 |
| 2023 October | 66 | 29 | 95 |
| 2023 September | 102 | 32 | 134 |
| 2023 August | 78 | 28 | 106 |
| 2023 July | 80 | 22 | 102 |
| 2023 June | 89 | 20 | 109 |
| 2023 May | 74 | 17 | 91 |
| 2023 April | 55 | 22 | 77 |
| 2023 March | 101 | 17 | 118 |
| 2023 February | 69 | 17 | 86 |
| 2023 January | 71 | 28 | 99 |
| 2022 December | 101 | 26 | 127 |
| 2022 November | 112 | 24 | 136 |
| 2022 October | 113 | 33 | 146 |
| 2022 September | 102 | 34 | 136 |
| 2022 August | 73 | 45 | 118 |
| 2022 July | 75 | 50 | 125 |
| 2022 June | 69 | 42 | 111 |
| 2022 May | 82 | 34 | 116 |
| 2022 April | 127 | 66 | 193 |
| 2022 March | 105 | 43 | 148 |
| 2022 February | 102 | 43 | 145 |
| 2022 January | 72 | 48 | 120 |
| 2021 December | 75 | 20 | 95 |
| 2021 November | 57 | 23 | 80 |
| 2021 October | 70 | 35 | 105 |
| 2021 September | 80 | 35 | 115 |
| 2021 August | 77 | 32 | 109 |
| 2021 July | 54 | 16 | 70 |
| 2021 June | 76 | 31 | 107 |
| 2021 May | 66 | 44 | 110 |
| 2021 April | 241 | 80 | 321 |
| 2021 March | 222 | 45 | 267 |
| 2021 February | 156 | 41 | 197 |
| 2021 January | 194 | 56 | 250 |
| 2020 December | 110 | 49 | 159 |
| 2020 November | 59 | 25 | 84 |
Show all
