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Vol. 34. Issue 1.
Pages 23-27 (January 1998)
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Vol. 34. Issue 1.
Pages 23-27 (January 1998)
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Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica en la población general. Estudio epidemiológico realizado en Guipúzcoa
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the general population. An epidemiological study in Guipúzcoa (Spain)
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L. Marco Jordána,*, J.C. Martín Berraa, M. Corres Iñigob, R. Luque Díezb, G. Zubillaga Garmendiaa
a Servicio de Neumología. Hospital de Guipúzcoa
b Servicio de Neumología. Hospital Nuestra Señora de Aránzazu. San Sebastián
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El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido la realización de un estudio transversal descriptivo sobre la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica en la población general.

Se estudiaron 600 varones con edades comprendidas entre los 40 y 60 años extraídos de una muestra seleccionada aleatoriamente (el 69,9% de la totalidad; el 76,6% de los sujetos elegibles). Se realizó a cada sujeto un cuestionario, una espirometría y una medición de CO en aire espirado.

El 50,8% eran fumadores si bien sólo el 24,8% de la población total tenía niveles de CO en aire espirado superiores a 10 ppm. La prevalencia de bronquitis crónica (BC) fue del 9,2%. Un total de 40 sujetos (6,8%), de los que sólo un 25% tenían espirometría previa, cumplían criterios de obstrucción al flujo aéreo (OFA). La OFA se asoció a la presencia de BC y al consumo acumulado de tabaco, el cual a su vez también se relacionó con la BC.

Estos datos refuerzan la necesidad, por un lado, de combatir el tabaco, por su relación con la BC y la OFA y, por otro lado, de realizar un mayor número de espirometrías, principalmente entre sujetos fumadores o con síntomas de BC.

Palabras clave:
Estudio de prevalencias
Población general
Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica

To perform a cross-sectional descriptive study of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the general population.

We studied 600 men aged between 40 and 60 from a random sample (69.9% of the total, 76.6% eligible subjects). Each subject answered a questionnaire, underwent spirometric testing and measurement of CO in expired air.

Smokers accounted for 50.8% of the sample, although only 24.8% of the population had CO levels in expired air greater than 10 ppm. The prevalence of chronic bronchitis was 9.2%. Forty subjects (6.8%), only 25% of whom had previously undergone spirometry, met the criteria for air flow limitation. Air flow limitation was associated with chronic bronchitis and smoking, which were also mutually associated.

Our data underline the need to combat smoking, given its relation with chronic bronchitis and airflow limitation, as well as to perform spirometry more routinely, mainly in smokers or patients with symptoms of chronic bronchitis.

Key words:
Prevalence
General population
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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Copyright © 1998. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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