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Vol. 45. Issue S3.
Controversias de formación en neumología
Pages 14-21 (March 2009)
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Vol. 45. Issue S3.
Controversias de formación en neumología
Pages 14-21 (March 2009)
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El síndrome de apnea-hipopnea del sueño en 2009
Sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome 2009
Visits
7305
Ana Camarasa Escriga, Demetrio González Vergarab, José Carlos Serrano Rebolloc, Ferran Barbéd,
Corresponding author
fbarbe@arnau.scs.es

Autor para correspondencia.
a Hospital Universitario San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, España
b Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, España
c Hospital San Pedro de Alcántara, Cáceres, España
d Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, España. CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid. IRB Lleida, Lleida, España
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Resumen

El síndrome de apnea-hipopnea del sueño (SAHS) es una entidad con una elevada prevalencia en la población general que, debido a su repercusión sociosanitaria, se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública de primera magnitud. La definición del síndrome ha ido evolucionando, así como la definición de acontecimiento respiratorio. El papel de los mecanismos inflamatorios en el desarrollo de enfermedad cardiovascular se encuentra en plena investigación y es probable que en el futuro haya que añadir marcadores biológicos tanto en la definición del síndrome como en la elección del tratamiento. Aunque la técnica de referencia en el diagnóstico es la polisomnografía, la poligrafía respiratoria se ha convertido en una alternativa válida y complementaria al tratarse de un método simplificado, que puede realizarse en el domicilio, para descartar o confirmar la enfermedad. Sistemas expertos como el monocanal quizá aporten nuevos datos en la simplificación del diagnóstico. Actualmente el tratamiento con presión positiva continua de la vía aérea (CPAP) sigue siendo el método de referencia y su indicación principal en pacientes con SAHS moderado o severo en los cuales ha demostrado disminuir la mortalidad.

Palabras clave:
Diagnóstico
Poligrafía respiratoria
Polisomnografía
Síndrome de apnea-hipopnea del sueño
Tratamiento
Abstract

Sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) is a highly prevalent disease in the general population and, due to its social and health repercussions, has become a major public health problem. The definition of this syndrome, as well as that of respiratory event, have been refined.

The role of inflammatory mechanisms in the development of cardiovascular disease is currently under investigation and biological markers will probably be added, both in the definition of SAHS and in the choice of treatment. Although the gold standard in diagnosis is polysomnography, respiratory polygraphy has become a valid and complementary alternative, since this technique is a simplified method that can be performed in the home to confirm or exclude this disease. Expert systems such as single-channel devices may help to simplify diagnosis. Currently, the mainstay of treatment is still continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP); this modality is mainly indicated in patients with moderate or severe SAHS and has been shown to reduce mortality in this group.

Keywords:
Diagnosis
Respiratory polygraphy
Polysomnography
Sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome
Treatment
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