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Vol. 33. Issue 4.
Pages 172-178 (April 1997)
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Vol. 33. Issue 4.
Pages 172-178 (April 1997)
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Efectos a largo plazo de la CPAP nasal sobre el patrón ventilatorio de los pacientes con síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño (SAOS)
Long-term effects of positive airway pressure through a nasal mask on the ventilatory patterns of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
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J.J. Soler, P. Morales, E. Benlloch*, P.J. Cordero, V. Macián
Servicio de Neumología. Hospital Universitario La Fe. Valencia
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Hemos estudiado de forma prospectiva 20 pacientes con síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño (SAOS) antes y después de administrarles, durante al menos 10 meses, una presión positiva continua en la vía aérea mediante mascarilla nasal nocturna (CPAPn), con la intención de conocer cuáles son los efectos a largo plazo de este tratamiento sobre el patrón ventilatorio de los enfermos con SAOS. En todos los casos recogimos diversos datos antropométricos y realizamos pruebas de función respiratoria, gasometría arterial en reposo, diferencia alveoloarterial de oxígeno (Dif[A-a]O2) y estudios del centro respiratorio, tanto en reposo como durante estímulo hipercápnico. La duración mediana (límites extremos) del tratamiento con CPAPn fue de 12,5 (10-18) meses. Observamos un aumento significativo de la PaO2 (p=0,01) y un descenso de la PaCO2 (p=0,02) con mínimas variaciones en el peso corporal y sin cambios en la mecánica pulmonar o en la Dif(A-a)O2. El patrón ventilatorio en reposo mostró un incremento en el VE y en la frecuencia respiratoria (p=0,003, p=0,033, respectivamente) con modificaciones no significativas del VT. El cociente VT/Ti aumentó (p=0,015) y la P0.1 disminuyó discretamente (p=0,025). No observamos cambios significativos en las pendientes de respuesta del VE y de la P0.1 al CO2. En conclusión, la CPAPn mejora la hipoxemia e hipercapnia en los pacientes con SAOS, sobre todo a través de un aumento en la ventilación basal. Los mecanismos implicados no se conocen con exactitud; sin embargo, nuestros datos sugieren un cierto efecto directo o indirecto sobre los músculos respiratorios capaz de reducir la fatiga muscular, favoreciendo así una mejor disponibilidad durante la vigilia.

Palabras clave:
Síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño
Presión positiva continua en la vía aérea
Centro respiratorio
Control de la respiración

We studied 20 patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) prospectively, before and after administering continuous positive airway pressure through a nasal mask (CPAPn) at night for 10 months, with the aim of determining the effects of ventilatory pattern of long-term treatment with CPAPn in OSAS patients. The following data were collected for all patients: anthropometric variables, lung function test results, arterial gasometric readings at rest, oxygen alveolar-arterial differential [Dif(A-a)O2)], central respiratory function variables at rest and during hypercapnic stimulus. Mean duration (range) of treatment with CPAPn was 12.5 (10-18) months. We observed a significant increase in PaO2 (p=0.01) and a decrease in PaCO2 (p=0.02) with slight variations in body weight and no changes in lung mechanics or in Dif(A-a)O2. The ventilatory pattern at rest showed an increase in VE and in respiratory frequency (p=0.0003 and p=0.033, respectively) with non significant changes in VT. The VT/Ti ratio increased (p=0.015) and P0.1 decreased slightly (p=0.025). We found no significant changes in the CO2 response slopes of VE or P0.1. In conclusion, CPAPn improves hypoxemia and hypercapnia in OSAS patients, above all by increasing baseline basal ventilation. The exact mechanisms implicated are poorly understood, but our data suggest a certain direct or indirect effect on respiratory muscles, reducing muscle fatigue, thus favoring greater availability during sleep.

Key words:
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Continuous positive airway pressure
Respiratory center
Control of respiration
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Copyright © 1997. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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