array:23 [ "pii" => "S0300289624000644" "issn" => "03002896" "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2024.03.005" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2024-07-01" "aid" => "3504" "copyright" => "SEPAR" "copyrightAnyo" => "2024" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "crp" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2024;60:451-3" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S0300289624000735" "issn" => "03002896" "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2024.03.014" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2024-07-01" "aid" => "3513" "copyright" => "SEPAR" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "crp" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2024;60:454-7" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Scientific Letter</span>" "titulo" => "Severe Pulmonary Hypertension Increased All-cause Mortality in Patients With Bronchiectasis" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "454" "paginaFinal" => "457" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1848 "Ancho" => 3458 "Tamanyo" => 358297 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(A–E): A: Patient flow chart. HRCT<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>high-resolution computed tomography; B: A Histogram is presented showing the probability of severe pulmonary hypertension in patients with bronchiectasis who fulfill zero to two criteria: a plasma NT-proBNP<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≥<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1392<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg/ml and the main pulmonary artery to the ascending aorta diameter ratio (at the tubular site on chest HRCT scan) ≥1.085. The proportion of patients who fulfill zero, one and two criteria are also presented; C: Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve for assessing the accuracy of the combination of noninvasive clinical parameters in predicting severe pulmonary hypertension confirmed by right heart catheterization in bronchiectasis: PA to Ao ratio ≥1.085, AUC 0.752, 95% CI: 0.671–0.823, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.0001; plasma NT-proBNP<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≥<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1392<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg/ml: AUC 0.758, 95% CI: 0.677–0.828, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.0001; combination of both parameters: AUC 0.802, 95% CI: 0.726–0.878, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.0001; D: Survival curves (Kaplan–Meier) for bronchiectasis patients with no PH, non-severe PH and severe PH after adjusted for age and sex (severe PH versus no PH: hazard ratio [HR] 2.73, 95% CI: 0.79–9.40, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.11; non-severe PH versus no PH: HR 1.64, 95% CI: 0.48–5.61, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.43); E: PH-related survival curves (Kaplan–Meier) for bronchiectasis patients with severe PH, and non-severe PH and no PH after adjusted for age and sex (severe PH versus non-severe PH and no PH: HR 2.19, 95% CI: 1.10–4.38; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.027).</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Yong-hua Gao, Ya-nan Zhu, Jiu-Wu Bai, Shuo Liang, Ling Wang, Lan Wang, Su-Gang Gong, Hui-Zhen Zheng, Jin-Fu Xu" "autores" => array:9 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Yong-hua" "apellidos" => "Gao" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ya-nan" "apellidos" => "Zhu" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Jiu-Wu" "apellidos" => "Bai" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Shuo" "apellidos" => "Liang" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ling" "apellidos" => "Wang" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Lan" "apellidos" => "Wang" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Su-Gang" "apellidos" => "Gong" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Hui-Zhen" "apellidos" => "Zheng" ] 8 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Jin-Fu" "apellidos" => "Xu" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0300289624000735?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" "url" => "/03002896/0000006000000007/v1_202407021853/S0300289624000735/v1_202407021853/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S0300289624000590" "issn" => "03002896" "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2024.03.001" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2024-07-01" "aid" => "3499" "copyright" => "SEPAR" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "crp" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2024;60:448-50" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:9 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Scientific Letter</span>" "titulo" => "Time to Resolution of Right Ventricle Dysfunction in Patients With Acute Pulmonary Embolism" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "448" "paginaFinal" => "450" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Winnifer Briceño, Gema Díaz, Ana Castillo, Ignacio Jara, Edwin Yong, Laura Lago, Mads Dam Lyhne, Manuel Monreal, Behnood Bikdeli, David Jimenez" "autores" => array:10 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Winnifer" "apellidos" => "Briceño" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Gema" "apellidos" => "Díaz" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ana" "apellidos" => "Castillo" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ignacio" "apellidos" => "Jara" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Edwin" "apellidos" => "Yong" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Laura" "apellidos" => "Lago" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Mads" "apellidos" => "Dam Lyhne" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Manuel" "apellidos" => "Monreal" ] 8 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Behnood" "apellidos" => "Bikdeli" ] 9 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "David" "apellidos" => "Jimenez" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0300289624000590?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" "url" => "/03002896/0000006000000007/v1_202407021853/S0300289624000590/v1_202407021853/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:15 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Scientific Letter</span>" "titulo" => "A Novel Cooling System for Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy: Application of a Cooling Towel" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "saludo" => "To the Director," "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "451" "paginaFinal" => "453" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Satoshi Hamada, Jumpei Togawa, Hironobu Sunadome, Naomi Takahashi, Toyohiro Hirai, Susumu Sato" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Satoshi" "apellidos" => "Hamada" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "sh1124@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Jumpei" "apellidos" => "Togawa" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Hironobu" "apellidos" => "Sunadome" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Naomi" "apellidos" => "Takahashi" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Toyohiro" "apellidos" => "Hirai" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Susumu" "apellidos" => "Sato" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Advanced Medicine for Respiratory Failure, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1722 "Ancho" => 3341 "Tamanyo" => 412586 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Change in temperature and relative humidity within and outside the CPAP circuit every 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min (A) and when not using (B) and using the cooling towel (C) for 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h at 28<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C. CPAP<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>continuous positive airway pressure.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is the gold standard treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Favorable outcomes, such as decreased blood pressure, reduced stroke risk, and decreased daytime sleepiness, depend on adherence to CPAP therapy.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,2</span></a> However, rates of non-adherence to CPAP therapy range from 30% to 40%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Factors that influence adherence to CPAP therapy include disease and patient characteristics, psychological and social factors, and side effects.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Additionally, temperature, which is a seasonal factor, also influences adherence to CPAP therapy.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Cold, arid air, especially in winter, affects the adherence to CPAP caused by issues, such as nasal congestion, dryness of the nose and throat, and sneezing.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6,7</span></a> To address this and to mitigate cold air and dryness delivered by CPAP devices, a heated humidifier and breathing tube have been developed. However, literature regarding the impact of high temperatures on CPAP therapy adherence is limited globally. Fujino et al. reported that the CPAP usage rate for ≥4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h daily and the duration of daily CPAP use were worst in summer among patients with OSA receiving CPAP therapy in Japan.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> They concluded that a high temperature could decrease the adherence rate to CPAP therapy. However, no machines for cooling hot air from CPAP devices have been developed. This present study was an experimental trial to evaluate whether a cooling towel could serve as a novel cooling system in CPAP therapy.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">First, we preformed a bench study to examine the change in temperature and humidity within the circuit of a CPAP device (AirSence10 Respond; ResMed®, Sydney, Australia) using a thermos-hygrometer (MJ-ADL-21P, SATO SHOUJI INC, Kanagawa, Japan), which enabled continuous monitoring of temperature and relative humidity every 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>). A cooling towel (COOLCORE®: ITOCHU Corporation, Tokyo, Japan), which was wetted and squeezed, was wrapped around the circuit of the CPAP device (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>). The CPAP device was set to a fixed pressure of 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O and placed in an incubator (size: 80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm [width]<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm [depth]<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>45<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm [height]), within which the temperature was set at 26, 28, or 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Second, we provided a cooling towel to five patients with OSA (four using CPAP device and 1 using servo-ventilation [SV] device) from July to September who complained of the hot air from the CPAP and SV devices. All patients did not use a heated humidifier or heated breathing tube and did not use an air conditioner at night. Patients were asked about changes in their perceptions of air supplied via the CPAP and SV devices at an outpatient clinic from 1 to 3 months after providing the cooling towel, and changes in temperature and humidity were categorized as follows: 1, freezing and dry; 2, somewhat cold and dry; 3, no change; 4, somewhat hot and wet; and 5, very hot and wet. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>A shows the change in temperature and relative humidity within and outside the CPAP circuit. The experimental settings, including temperature within the incubator (26, 28, or 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C) and attachment of the cooling towel, were changed every 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min. In the absence of the cooling towel, temperature within the CPAP circuit gradually rose (from 26.2 to 26.7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C at 26<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C, from 28.1 to 29.1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C at 28<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C, and from 30.1 to 30.9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C at 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C), compared to external temperature an increase of 0.8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C, 0.7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C, and 0.8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C was observed at temperatures of 26<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C, 28<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C, and 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C, respectively. When using the cooling towel, temperature within the CPAP circuit swiftly decreased (from 25.9 to 24.9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C at 26<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C, from 28.2 to 26.9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C at 28<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C, and from 30.0 to 28.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C at 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C), compared to external temperature, reductions of 0.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C, 0.9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C, and 1.2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C was observed at temperatures of 26<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C, 28<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C, and 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C, respectively. In terms of relative humidity, without the cooling towel, levels within the CPAP circuit gradually decreased from 67.3 to 62.4% (26<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C), from 65.7 to 61.6% (28<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C), and from 64.8 to 58.6 (30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C), resulting in decreases of 1% (26<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C), 1.1% (28<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C), and 1% (30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C) compared to external levels. However, with the cooling towel, relative humidity within the CPAP circuit rapidly increased from 64.4 to 78.0% (26<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C), from 64.5 to 79.4% (28<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C), and from 61.0 to 77.5% (30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C), resulting in increases of 5.5% (26<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C), 5.8% (28<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C), and 6.8% (30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C) compared to external levels.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>B (without the cooling towel) and C (with the cooling towel) shows the changes in temperature and relative humidity within and outside the CPAP circuit at a temperature of 28<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C within the incubator for 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h. In the absence of the cooling towel, the temperature within the CPAP circuit showed a gradual increase from 28.3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C to 29.3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C within 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min of activating the CPAP device, ultimately increasing the temperature by 0.9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C in comparison to the external temperature. Concurrently, the relative humidity decreased from 71.5% to 63.1%, ultimately reducing the humidity by 2.3% compared to external levels. Conversely, with the cooling towel, the temperature initially decreased within 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min of starting the CPAP device, then stabilized at 28<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C. Simultaneously, the relative humidity within the CPAP circuit showed a rapid increase from 69.4 to 82.4% within 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min of starting the CPAP device, followed by a steady increase, ultimately increasing by 2.5% compared to external levels.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Among the five patients, two felt somewhat cold air, whereas the other three did not report any changes in the air temperature; however, one felt somewhat cold air immediately after switching CPAP device on. Regarding humidity, all patients did not feel any changes. Meanwhile, two patients experienced moisture of the cooling towel, which resulted in bedwetting.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study revealed three novel findings. First, after initiating the CPAP device, the temperature increased within the CPAP circuit, while the relative humidity within steadily decreased. Second, under wrapping the CPAP circuit with the cooling towel, the temperature within the CPAP circuit rapidly decreased and increased thereafter but not above the set temperature, while the relative humidity increased. The effect of the cooling towel on temperature and humidity is considered secondary to evaporation. Third, in the five patients on CPAP therapy, two felt somewhat cold of air from the CPAP devices. The cooling towel costs approximately 1000 Yen (6.2 Euro). Thus, the cooling towel could become a novel and cost-effective cooling system for CPAP device. However, the impact of the cooling towel on pressure variations in CPAP devices, management of OSA, and adherence to CPAP therapy has been investigated. Consequently, future clinical research incorporating the use of the cooling towel in clinical settings is warranted.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">While there are regional and ethical differences regarding the use air conditioners at night, Japanese tend to not use them, which could influence adherence to CPAP therapy in summer in Japan.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> However, as described above, no machines for cooling hot air from CPAP devices have been developed. As global warming has progressed, techniques to cool the hot air from CPAP devices are needed. A cooling towel is a novel and cost-effective method to cool hot air from CPAP devices; however, it causes moisture, which results in bedwetting, and lowers the temperature of the CPAP circuit, albeit temporarily. Thus, technological development in cooling towel application is needed.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion, a cooling towel is a novel and cost-effective cooling system in CPAP therapy.</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Financial conflicts</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Department of Advanced Medicine for Respiratory Failure is a Department of Collaborative Research Laboratory funded by Teijin Pharma.</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine is funded by endowments from Philips-Respironics, ResMed, Fukuda Denshi and Fukuda Lifetec-Keiji to Kyoto University.</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study was funded in part by the <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs1">JSPS KAKENHI 22K16169</span> (SH).</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Satoshi Hamada reports grants from Teijin Pharma, outside the submitted work.</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Susumu Sato reports grants from Philips Japan, ResMed, Fukuda Denshi, Fukuda Lifetec Keiji, Fuji Film corporation, and Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, outside the submitted work.</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Jumpei Togawa, Hironobu Sunadome, and Naomi Takahashi report grants from Philips Japan, ResMed, Fukuda Denshi, and Fukuda Lifetec Keiji, outside the submitted work.</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Toyohiro Hirai has nothing to disclosure.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Financial conflicts" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack754627" "titulo" => "Acknowledgements" ] 3 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "multimedia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 777 "Ancho" => 2091 "Tamanyo" => 181918 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Overview of the bench study using a CPAP device and cooling towel (A). Enlarged view of the site where temperature and humidity were measured using a thermos-hygrometer (B). CPAP<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>continuous positive airway pressure.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1722 "Ancho" => 3341 "Tamanyo" => 412586 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Change in temperature and relative humidity within and outside the CPAP circuit every 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min (A) and when not using (B) and using the cooling towel (C) for 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h at 28<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C. 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Journal Information
Vol. 60. Issue 7.
Pages 451-453 (July 2024)
Vol. 60. Issue 7.
Pages 451-453 (July 2024)
Scientific Letter
A Novel Cooling System for Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy: Application of a Cooling Towel
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Satoshi Hamadaa,
, Jumpei Togawab, Hironobu Sunadomeb, Naomi Takahashib, Toyohiro Hiraic, Susumu Satob
Corresponding author
a Department of Advanced Medicine for Respiratory Failure, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
b Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
c Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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