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Vol. 39. Issue 3.
Pages 118-125 (March 2003)
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Vol. 39. Issue 3.
Pages 118-125 (March 2003)
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Protocolo para evaluar una CPAP automática. Valoración de la utilidad del Autoset-T para determinar la presión de Cpap óptima en el síndrome de apnea-hipopnea del sueño
Protocol to evaluate automatic continuous positive airway pressure. Assessment of the usefulness of the Autoset-T device to determine optimal pressure for treating sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome
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M. Molinaa, L. Hernándeza, J. Duranb, R. Farréc, R. Rubiob, D. Navajasc, J.M. Montserrata,
Corresponding author
jcanal@medicina.ub.es

Correspondencia: Institut Clínic de Pneumologia i Cirurgia Toràcica (ICPCT). Hospital Clínic.Villarroel, 170. 08034 Barcelona. España
a Institut Clínic de Pneumologia i Cirurgia Toràcica. Hospital Clínic. Barcelona. España
b Hospital de Txagorrituxu. Vitoria. España
c Biofísica y Bioingeniería. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Barcelona. España
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Introducción

Dadas la elevada prevalencia del síndro-me de apnea-hipopnea del sueño (SAHS), la gran demanda de polisomnografía convencional (PSG) y las largas listas de espera, son necesarios métodos alternativos para el diagnós-tico del SAHS y el ajuste de la ventilación mecánica con pre-sión positiva continua en la vía aérea (CPAP). En este últi-mo aspecto las CPAP automáticas podrían ser importantes no sólo como tratamiento, sino también para recomendar una presión de CPAP óptima fija

Objetivos

Definir un protocolo para evaluar el funciona-miento de una CPAP automática en un modelo mecánico; determinar el comportamiento de la CPAP automática du-rante la PSG; definir la utilidad de la CPAP automática para identificar una presión de CPAP óptima en pacientes con SAHS, y valorar la eficacia de la presión fija determinada por la CPAP automática mediante una PSG convencional

Métodos

Se realizaron cuatro protocolos utilizando el Autoset-T (AT) como modelo: a) se reprodujeron en el labo-ratorio, mediante un modelo mecánico, apneas, hipopneas, limitaciones del flujo, ronquidos y flujos normales y se com-probó la actuación del AT; b) se examinó el comportamiento de la CPAP automática en tiempo real durante una PSG rea-lizada en 12 pacientes con un SAHS severo; c) se ajustó la CPAP con AT y PSG en un grupo para comprobar su con-cordancia en 39 pacientes con SAHS, y d) se estudió la efica-cia de la presión de CPAP recomendada por el AT mediante PSG en un grupo de 14 pacientes con SAHS

Resultados

Se observó un rápido incremento en la pre-sión de CPAP con el AT en respuesta a las apneas o ronqui-dos en el modelo mecánico durante la PSG convencional (desde un valor basal de 4 cmH2O hasta una presión semióp-tima [11 ± 1 cmH2O] tardó sólo una media de 2,8 ± 3,1 min). Una vez alcanzado el flujo normal, la CPAP disminuye len-tamente y responde con mucha sensibilidad ante mínimas anormalidades, especialmente al ronquido, pero no se modi-fica ante algunos tipos de limitación de flujo. En el grupo de 39 pacientes, la presión visual obtenida del AT era similar a la recomendada por la PSG en la mayoría de los casos (71%). La PSG realizada tras un mes de utilizar la presiónde CPAP recomendada por AT detectó un número normal de apneas, hipopneas (índice de apneas-hipopneas [IAH], 6 ± 2) y despertares (10 ± 2) en los pacientes con SAHS

Conclusiones

El AT incrementa rápidamente la presión ante eventos respiratorios, mantiene un patrón respiratorio normal en la mayoría de los pacientes y el análisis visual de la presión de AT permite una correcta identificación de la presión óptima de CPAP fija para el tratamiento del SAHS

Palabras clave:
Síndrome de apnea-hipopnea del sueño
Presión positiva continua en la vía aérea (CPAP)
Ajuste de la CPAP automática
Introduction

Given the high prevalence of sleep ap-nea/hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) and great demand for con-ventional polysomnography (PSG) and long waiting lists, al-ternative means for diagnosing SAHS and titrating continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) are needed. Automatic CPAP may play a role in meeting the last objecti-ve, not only for treatment but also for suggesting the opti-mum CPAP setting

Objectives

a) To define a protocol to assess the functio-ning of an automatic CPAP device by means of a mechanical model; b) to determine the behavior of automatically adjus-ted CPAP during PSG; c) to define the usefulness of automa-tic CPAP for indicating optimal CPAP pressure for patients with SAHS; d) to evaluate the efficacy of the automatically indicated pressure setting against conventional PSG

Method

Four protocols were carried out using the Autoset-T (AT) device. 1. Apneas, hypopneas, flow limitation, snoring and normal flow were simulated in a laboratory using a mechanical model in order to check AT functioning. 2. The behavior of the automatically adjusted CPAP was ob-served in real time during PSG in 12 patients with severe SAHS. 3. The agreement of CPAP titrated with the AT and with PSG was checked in a group of 39 patients with SAHS. 4. The efficacy of the CPAP pressure recommended by the AT was checked by PSG in a group of 14 patients with SAHS

Results

With the AT, CPAP increased rapidly in res-ponse to apneas or snoring in the mechanical model and du-ring conventional PSG; it took only a mean 2.8 ± 3.1 min to rise from a baseline pressure of 4 cm H2O to a near-opti-mum pressure of 11 ± 1 cm H2O. Once normal flow was rea-ched CPAP slowly decreased, responding with great sensiti-vity to the slightest abnormality, especially snoring, but not changing in response to certain types of flow limitation. The pressure read visually on the AT was similar to the one re-commended by PSG in most of the 39 patients (71%). The PSG performed after one month of using AT-recommended CPAP titration confirmed that the number of apneas, hy-popneas (apnea/hypopnea index 6(1) and arousals (8 ± 2) was normal for these SAHS patients

Conclusions

The AT increases pressure rapidly in the presence of respiratory events and maintains a normal bre-athing pattern in most patients. Visual reading of the AT pressure allows correct identification of the optimal CPAP setting for SAHS treatment

Keywords:
Sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome
Continuous positi-ve airway pressure
Automatic titration
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Copyright © 2003. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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