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Vol. 42. Issue 10.
Pages 553-556 (October 2006)
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Vol. 42. Issue 10.
Pages 553-556 (October 2006)
Techniques and Procedures
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Pharmacokinetics of α1-Antitrypsin Replacement Therapy in Severe Congenital Emphysema
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Rafael Vidal Plaa,
Corresponding author
ravidal@vhebron.net

Correspondence: Dr. R Vidal Pla. Servicio de Neumología. Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron. Pg. Vall d'Hebron. 119-129. 08035 Barcelona. España
, Nuria Padullés Zamorab, Ferran Sala Piñolb, Rosendo Jardi Margaleffc, Francisco Rodríguez Friasc, José Bruno Montoro Ronsanob
a Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
b Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
c Servicio de Bioquímica, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
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Objective

α1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is a codominant autosomal genetic disorder that predisposes a patient to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and emphysema. Specific treatment is systemic, consisting of intravenous infusion of AAT. The protocol currently recommended by the Spanish Registry is infusion of 180 mg/kg every 21 days. The objective of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetic behavior of AAT and estimate the level of protection, defined as the percentage of time that the AAT plasma concentration was above the assumed protective threshold of 50 mg/dL with the usual protocol and with other alternative ones.

Material and Methods

Plasma concentrations at 4 times were analyzed for 9 patients to profile the pharmacokinetics of AAT. The data were fitted to a single compartment open model with the WinNonlin software package. The duration of protection was estimated by simulating the evolution of AAT plasma activity over time according to the model constructed based on data recorded in the study.

Results

Five men and 4 women (mean weight, 69 kg; range, 59-84 kg) were given a mean AAT dose of 12.06 g (range, 11-15 g). The mean (SD) volume infused was 516.67 (88.17) mL.

The half-life of AAT was 8.7 days and the volume of distribution was 127.6 mL/kg. The currently recommended treatment protocol (180 mg/kg every 21 days) gave a level of protection of 67% (considering 60 mg/dL to be protective threshold) or 76% (for a threshold of 50 mg/dL). Protection values for the alternative protocol of 120 mg/kg every 14 days were 82% and 100%, respectively. For the alternative protocol of 60 mg/kg every 7 days, protection was 100% for both thresholds.

Conclusions

Profiling the pharmacokinetic behavior of AAT has enabled the coverage time to be assessed for several treatment protocols. The regimen of 120 mg/kg every 14 days had the most appropriate profile.

Key words:
Emphysema
α1-antitrypsin
Pharmacokinetics
Duration of protection
Replacement therapy
Objetivo

El déficit de alfa-1-antitripsina (AAT) es una enfermedad genética autosómica codominante, que predispone a enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y enfisema. El tratamiento especifico consiste en la administración intravenosa sistemática de AAT. La pauta de tratamiento actual recomendada por el Registro Español es de 180 mg/kg cada 21 dias. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido evaluar el com-portamiento farmacocinético de la AAT y estimar el grado de cobertura, definido como el porcentaje de tiempo que la concentración plasmática de AAT se sitúa en valores superiores a 50 mg/dl. valor considerado como protector, de la pauta de tratamiento habitual y otras pautas alternatives.

Material y métodos

El analisis farmacocinético de la AAT se realizó mediante el ajuste de 4 pares de valores concentracion/tiempo, de 9 pacientes, a un modelo farmacocinético monocompartimental abierto empleando el paquete informático Win-Nonlin. La estimación del tiempo de cobertura se efectuó mediante la simulación de la evolución de la actividad plasmática de la AAT, en función del tiempo, segun el modelo propuesto y los valores de los parámetros obtenidos en el estudio.

Resultados

Los pacientes presentaban las caracteristicas demograficas siguientes: 5 varones y 4 mujeres, peso medio de 69 kg (intervalo, 59-84 kg) y dosis media de AAT por infusion de 12,06 g (intervalo: 11-15 g). El volumen medio (± desviación estándar) de infusión fue de 516.67 ± 88.17 ml.

La vida media de la AAT fue de 8,7 dias, y el volumen de distribución de 127,6 ml/kg. La pauta de tratamiento actual (180 mg/kg cada 21 dias) presentó un porcentaje de cobertura del 67% (considerando que 60 mg/dl es el valor protector) o del 76% (para 50 mg/dl), y los porcentajes para la pauta alternativa de 120 mg/kg cada 14 dias fueron del 82 y el 100%, respectivamente. Para 60 mg/kg cada 7 dias fue del 100%, en ambos casos.

Conclusiones

La caracterización del comportamiento farmacocinético de la AAT ha permitido evaluar el tiempo de cobertura de las diversas pautas de tratamiento y estable-cer como más adecuada la de 120 mg/kg cada 14 dias.

Palabras clave:
Enfisema
Alfa-1-antitripsina
Farmacocinética
Tiempo de cobertura
Tratamiento sustitutivo
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Work financed in part by the FUCAP Almirall Prodesfarma grant, 2004.

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