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Vol. 45. Issue 7.
Pages 335-340 (July 2009)
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Vol. 45. Issue 7.
Pages 335-340 (July 2009)
Original Article
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Mortality Analysis of Patients Undergoing Lung Transplantation for Emphysema
Trasplante de pulmón en casos de enfisema: análisis de la mortalidad
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Eduardo Miñambresa,
Corresponding author
eminambres@yahoo.es

Corresponding author.
, Felipe Zurbanob, Sara Naranjoc, Javier Llorcad, José Manuel Cifriánb, Alejandro González-Castroa
a Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Unidad de Trasplante Pulmonar, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
b Servicio de Neumología, Unidad de Trasplante Pulmonar, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
c Servicio de Cirugía Torácica, Unidad de Trasplante Pulmonar, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Unidad de Trasplante Pulmonar, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
d Departamento de Epidemiología y Biología Computacional, Universidad de Cantabria, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Santander, Cantabria, Spain
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Abstract
Background

The outcomes of lung transplantation 11 years after starting the transplantation program in our hospital are presented. Risk factors associated with short-, medium-, and long-term mortality in transplant recipients were analyzed.

Patients and Methods

All patients diagnosed with emphysema who underwent lung transplantation between March 1997 and June 2008 were included. The association between different study variables and early death and death at 1 year and 5 years was studied. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze survival. A logistic regression model was used to study the association between early death and variables with a trend towards significance (P<.2) in the univariate analysis. The risk factors for mortality at 1 year and 5 years were analyzed by a Cox regression model.

Results

A total of 92 patients were included. Survival was 89.3%, 70%, and 54% at 1 month, 1 year, and 5 years after transplantation, respectively. Dehiscence of the surgical suture (P<.001), duration of mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit (P=.04), duration of the surgical procedure (P<.001), and single-lung transplantation (P=.007) were the variables associated with mortality. Extracorporeal circulation and the need for hemodiafiltration in the intensive care unit increased the short-term risk of death (P<.05). The age of the recipient was the variable associated with long-term mortality (P=.02). The duration of the surgical intervention was associated with an increase in short-, medium-, and long-term mortality.

Conclusions

Complications were responsible for short-term mortality, while age of the recipient was the most important factor in determining long-term survival. Mortality was higher in single-lung transplant recipients compared to double-lung transplant recipients.

Keywords:
Lung transplantation
Emphysema
Prognosis
Resumen
Introducción

Se presentan los resultados del trasplante pulmonar (TP) en casos de enfisema, tras 11 años desde el inicio del programa de TP, y se analizan los factores de riesgo asociados a la mortalidad a corto, medio y largo plazo en los receptores del trasplante.

Pacientes y métodos

Se ha incluido a todos los pacientes diagnosticados de enfisema que recibieron un TP entre marzo de 1997 y junio de 2008. Se analizó la asociación de las diferentes variables estudiadas con la mortalidad precoz, anual y al quinto año. Se realizó un análisis de supervivencia mediante el método de Kaplan-Meier. Mediante regresión logística se estudió la asociación entre las variables que en el análisis univariante habían mostrado tendencia a la significación estadística (p < 0,2) frente a la mortalidad precoz. Los factores de riesgo para la mortalidad anual y al quinto año se analizaron mediante regresión de Cox.

Resultados

Se incluyó en total a 92 pacientes. La tasa de supervivencia fue del 89,3, el 70 y el 54% al mes, al año y al quinto año del trasplante. La dehiscencia de la sutura quirúrgica (p < 0,001), el tiempo de ventilación mecánica en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (p = 0,04), la duración de la intervención quirúrgica (p < 0,001) y la realización de un trasplante unipulmonar (p = 0,007) fueron las variables asociadas a la mortalidad. El uso de circulación extracorpórea y la necesidad de técnicas de hemodiafiltración en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos incrementaron el riesgo de muerte a corto plazo (p < 0,05). La edad del receptor fue la variable asociada a la mortalidad a largo plazo (p = 0,02). La duración de la intervención quirúrgica se asoció a un incremento de la mortalidad a corto, medio y largo plazo.

Conclusiones

Las complicaciones son las responsables del incremento de la mortalidad a corto plazo, mientras que la edad del receptor es la variable que mayor influencia tiene en la mortalidad a largo plazo. Los receptores de un trasplante unipulmonar presentaron un riesgo de fallecimiento mayor que aquellos que recibieron un trasplante bipulmonar.

Palabras clave:
Trasplante pulmonar
Enfisema
Pronóstico
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