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Vol. 45. Issue 2.
Pages 75-80 (February 2009)
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Vol. 45. Issue 2.
Pages 75-80 (February 2009)
Original article
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Lactate Dehydrogenase Isozymes in Skeletal Muscle of Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Isoenzimas de lactatodeshidrogenasa en el músculo esquelético de pacientes con EPOC
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Sonia H. Torresa,
Corresponding author
sonia.hecker@ucv.ve

Corresponding author.
, María Montes de Ocab, Eduardo Loebb, Priva Zabner-Ozielc, Valentina Wallisc, Noelina Hernándeza
a Sección de Adaptación Muscular, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
b Servicio de Neumonología, Hospital Universitario de Caracas, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
c Instituto de Oncología y Hematología, Ministerio del Poder Popular de la Salud, Caracas, Venezuela
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Abstract
Introduction and Objectives

In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in skeletal muscles are normal or tend to be elevated; on exercise, these levels increase more rapidly than in individuals without COPD. As it is likely that concentrations of LDH isozymes LDH4 and LDH5 are elevated in such patients, we measured those isozymes in peripheral muscle of patients with COPD.

Patients and Methods

Eighteen patients with COPD and 10 healthy nonsmokers were included in the study. Spirometry and the 6-minute walk test were performed, and a biopsy of the quadriceps muscle was taken to measure levels of both total LDH and LDH isozymes by agarose gel electrophoresis and to classify the types of muscle fibers.

Results

Controls and patients had similar concentrations of total LDH (mean [SE], 130 [30] μmol/min/g vs 152 [50]μmol/min/g, respectively) and LDH isozymes. A subgroup of 5 patients showed increased levels of isozymes LDH1, LDH2, and LDH3, with decreased LDH5 levels; these patients were women and had a lower oxygen saturation. The LDH5 level was directly correlated with the 6-minute walk test and oxygen saturation. The percentage of type IIA fibers correlated directly with LDH3 and LDH4 concentrations whereas type IIX fibers were inversely correlated with LDH3 concentration.

Conclusion

Measurement of LDH isozyme concentrations enabled a subgroup of patients to be identified with a higher concentration of cardiac isoenzymes and lower concentration of muscle isoenzymes, a situation which might indicate adaptation that favors aerobic metabolism.

Keywords:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Lactate dehydrogenase
Isozymes
Skeletal muscle
Resumen
Introducción y objetivos

En los pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC), las cifras de la enzima lactatodeshidrogenasa (LDH) en los músculos esqueléticos son normales o tienen cierta tendencia a aumentar; cuando dichos pacientes hacen ejercicio, los valores se elevan más rápidamente que en personas sin la enfermedad. Es probable que las concentraciones de las isoenzimas 4 y 5 de la LDH puedan estar aumentadas en estos pacientes, por lo que se han determinado las isoenzimas de la LDH en el músculo periférico de pacientes con EPOC.

Pacientes y método

Se ha estudiado a 18 pacientes con EPOC y a 10 personas sanas no fumadoras. Se les realizaron pruebas de función pulmonar, la prueba de la marcha de 6 min y biopsia del músculo cuádriceps para medir tanto la LDH total como las isoenzimas de la LDH por electroforesis en gel de agarosa, así como para clasificar los tipos de fibras.

Resultados

Las concentraciones de LDH total (media ± error estándar: 130±30 frente a 152±50μmol/ min/g) y sus isoenzimas fueron similares en controles y pacientes. Un subgrupo de 5 pacientes mostró un aumento de las isoenzimas LDH1, LDH2 y LDH3, con disminución de la LDH5; estos pacientes eran mujeres y tenían menor saturación de oxígeno. El valor de la LDH5 se relacionó directamente con la prueba de la marcha de 6 min y la saturación de oxígeno. El porcentaje de fibras IIA mostró una correlación directa con la concentración de LDH3 y LDH4, y las fibras IIX se relacionaron inversamente con la LDH3.

Conclusión

A partir de las concentraciones de las isoenzimas de la LDH se pudo identificar a un subgrupo de pacientes con una concentración mayor de las isoenzimas cardíacas y menor de las musculares, lo que eventualmente podría representar una adaptación que favorezca el metabolismo aeróbico.

Palabras clave:
EPOC
Lactatodeshidrogenasa
Isoenzimas
Músculo esquelético
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