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Vol. 42. Issue 2.
Pages 49-56 (February 2006)
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Vol. 42. Issue 2.
Pages 49-56 (February 2006)
Original Articles
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Endovascular Treatment of Massive Hemoptysis by Bronchial Artery Embolization: Short-Term and Long-Term Follow-Up Over a 15-Year Period
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M.A. de Gregorio
Corresponding author
madgariza@separ.es

Correspondence: Dr. M.A. de Gregorio. Unidad de Cirugía Mínimamente Invansiva Guiada por Imagen. Universidad de Zaragoza. Domingo Miral, s/n. 50009 Zaragoza. España
, J. Medrano, A. Mainar, E.R. Alfonso, M. Rengel
Unidad de Cirugía Mínimamente Invasiva Guiada por Imagen (UCMI), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Objective

To present our experience of using arterial embolization for the endovascular treatment of massive hemoptysis along with the results of follow-up over a 15-year period.

Patients and methods

A total of 401 patients with hemoptysis were referred to the minimally invasive surgery unit of the Hospital Universitario Lozano Blesa de Zaragoza between April 1989 and September 2004 for diagnosis and possible endovascular treatment. Of those patients, 314 met criteria for massive hemoptysis and treatment was attempted using embolization in 287 (91.4%). The most common cause of hemoptysis was bronchiectasis (n=99, 31.5%), followed by lesions due to tuberculosis (n=57, 18.1%) and chronic bronchitis (n=47,14.9%).

Results

Angiography of the bronchial arteries provided evidence to account for the hemoptysis in 287 patients (91.4%). The affected arteries were satisfactorily embolized in 281 (97.9%). Endovascular treatment was clinically successful in 256 of those patients (91.1%). Embolization had to be repeated during the hospital stay in 19 patients (6.7%) and was effective in 52.6 % of those cases. The 6 patients in whom embolization was not satisfactory underwent thoracotomy. The mean follow-up in 201 patients (71.5%) was 2372.5 days (range, 61–5475 days). Eighty patients (28.4%) were lost to follow-up for various reasons and at different points. Recurrence of hemoptysis occurred on 1 or more occasions in 45 patients (22.3%) but only 21 (10.4%) required repeat embolization. Minor complications that did not require treatment were observed in 88 patients (28.0%).

Conclusions

Embolization of bronchial arteries is a nonsurgical treatment that is safe and effective in patients with massive hemoptysis.

Key words:
Bronchial artery embolization
Hemoptysis
Bronchial artery
Objetivo

Presentar nuestra experiencia en el tratamiento endovascular de la hemoptisis masiva mediante embolización arterial y su seguimiento a lo largo de 15 años.

Pacientes y métodos

Desde abril de 1989 hasta septiembre de 2004 se remitió a la Unidad de Cirugía Mínimamente Invasiva del Hospital Universitario Lozano Blesa de Zaragoza a 401 pacientes por hemoptisis para diagnóstico y posible tratamiento endovascular. De ellos, 314 cumplían criterios de hemoptisis masiva y se intentó tratar mediante embolización a 287 (91,4%). La principal causa de hemoptisis observada fueron las bronquiectasias (n = 99; 31,5%), seguidas de lesiones de tuberculosis (n = 57; 18,1%) y bronquitis crónica (n = 47; 14,9%).

Resultados

La angiografía bronquial reveló alteraciones arteriales que justificaban la hemoptisis en 287 pacientes (91,4%). Se pudo embolizar las arterias patológicas de forma satisfactoria en 281 (97,9%). El tratamiento endovascular tuvo éxito clínico en 256 (91,1%). En 19 pacientes (6,7%) se requirió durante su ingreso otra embolización, que fue eficaz en el 52,6%. En los 6 restantes se realizó toracotomía. El seguimiento medio, en 201 pacientes (71,5%), fue de 2.372,5 días (rango: 61-5.475 días). Se perdieron para el estudio 80 pacientes (28,4%) por diversas causas y en distintos momentos del seguimiento. El 22,3% (n = 45) presentó hemoptisis recidivante en una o más ocasiones, pero tan sólo 21 pacientes (10,4%) requirieron una nueva embolización. Se constataron 88 (28,0%) complicaciones menores que no precisaron otras medidas terapéuticas.

Conclusiones

La embolización de arterias bronquiales es un tratamiento no quirúrgico seguro y efectivo en los pacientes que presentan hemoptisis masiva.

Palabras clave:
Embolización bronquial
Hemoptisis
Arteria bronquial
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Copyright © 2006. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)
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