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Vol. 42. Issue 2.
Pages 57-61 (February 2006)
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Vol. 42. Issue 2.
Pages 57-61 (February 2006)
Original Articles
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Effectiveness and Complications of Video-Assisted Surgery for Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax
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A. Gómez-Caro
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abelitov@yahoo.es

Correspondence: Dr. A. Gómez-Caro. Servicio de Cirugía Torácica. Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Ctra. de Andalucía, km 5,4. 28041 Madrid. España
, F.J. Moradiellos, E. Larrú, V. Díaz-Hellín, C. Marrón, J.A. Pérez-Antón, J.L. Martín de Nicolás
Servicio de Cirugía Torácica, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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Objective

To assess the effectiveness and describe the complications of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for the treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax.

Patients and methods

Between May 1997 and September 2003, our department scheduled 147 VATS procedures for spontaneous pneumothorax in 127 patients (102 men [80.5%]). The mean (SD) age for the series was 28.3 (11.6) years. Bullae and blebs were resected by endostapler and vigorous pleural abrasion was carried out. Vanderschueren staging was as follows: stage I, 10 (6.8%); stage II, 22 (15%); stage III, 71 (48.3%); and stage IV, 44 (29.9%). The procedure was indicated for the following reasons: third episode, 56 (38.1%); persistent air leak, 47 (32%); elective, 16 (10.9%); simultaneous bilateral pneumothorax, 28 (19%). VATS was performed on the right side only in 85 patients (57.8%), on the left in 62 (42.2%), and on both sides in 16 (11.6%).

Results

A total of 137 of the 147 VATS procedures scheduled (93.2%) were performed, and there were no deaths. The rate of conversion to thoracotomy was 6.8%, and the overall rate of complications was 13.7%. Postoperative complications were due to bleeding in 5 cases (3.6%), air leak (>5 days) in 10 (7.2%), wound infection in 2 (1.4%), residual pneumothorax in 4 (2.9%), need to insert a new pleural drain in 3 (2.1%), and pleural empyema in 1 (0.7%). Two patients took oral analgesics for more than 30 days after the procedure. Pneumothorax recurred during follow-up in 7 patients (5.1%). No significant correlation was found between recurrence of pneumothorax after VATS and Vandeschueren stage, age, bilaterality of the procedure, indication, or days of postoperative drainage (P>.05).

Conclusions

VATS for resection of pleural lesions plus pleural abrasion is an efficacious and simple treatment for primary spontaneous pneumothorax regardless of intraoperative findings.

Key words:
Pneumothorax
Video-assisted thoracoscopy
Complications
Recurrence
Objetivo

Evaluar y describir la eficacia y la morbilidad de la VATS (video assisted toracic surgery [cirugía torácica videoasistida]) en el tratamiento del neumotórax espontáneo primario (NEP).

Pacientes y métodos

Entre mayo de 1997 y septiembre de 2003 se programaron en nuestro servicio 147 intervenciones por NEP para VATS en 127 pacientes. Las lesiones bullosas se resecaron mediante endograpadoras. Posteriormente se realizó pleuroabrasión vigorosa. La estadificación según Vanderschueren resultó: estadio I, 10 (6,8%); II, 22 (15%); III, 71 (48,3%), y IV, 44 (29,9%). Se intervino a 102 (80,5%) hombres y 25 (19,5%) mujeres. La media de edad fue de 28,3 ± 11,6 años. Las indicaciones fueron: tercer episodio, 56 (38,1%); fuga aérea persistente, 47 (32%); cirugía electiva, 16 (10,9%); neumotórax bilateral sincrónico, 28 (19%). Se realizó VATS en el lado derecho en 85 pacientes (57,8%) y en el izquierdo en 62 (42,2%). Se realizó intervención bilateral en 16 (11,6%).

Resultados

Se realizaron 137 VATS (93,2%). No hubo mortalidad y la tasa de reconversión fue del 6,8%. La incidencia de complicaciones fue del 13,7%. La morbilidad post-operatoria fue: sangrado en 5 pacientes (3,6%); fuga aérea (> 5 días) en 10 (7,2%); infección de herida en 2 (1,4%); neumotórax residual en 4 (2,9%); nuevo drenaje torácico en 3 (2,1%), y empiema pleural en 1 (0,7%). Dos pacientes tomaron analgésicos orales durante más de 30 días después del procedimiento. La recurrencia en seguimiento fue de 7 (5,1%). Se analizó el índice de recurrencia post VATS en relación al estadio Vandeschueren, la edad, el carácter bilateral del neumotórax, la indicación o los días de drenaje post-operatorio y no se encontraron diferencias significativas (p > 0,05).

Conclusiones

La VATS con resección de lesiones y pleuroabrasión es un método eficaz y sencillo independiente de los hallazgos intraoperatorios para el tratamiento del NPE.

Palabras clave:
Neumotórax
VATS
Complicaciones
Morbilidad
Recidiva
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Copyright © 2006. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)
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