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Vol. 29. Issue 8.
Pages 373-378 (November - December 1993)
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Vol. 29. Issue 8.
Pages 373-378 (November - December 1993)
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Diagnóstico precoz de la neumonía por Mycoplasma pneumoniae mediante la detección de IgM: estudio de dos técnicas serológicas
Early diagnosis of pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae by detection of specific IgM antibodies: A comparative study of two serological techniques
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S. Bello Dronda1, E. Chacón Vallés, M. Gascón Pelegrín, A. Senar Calderón, A. Hernández Caballero
Servicio de Neumología. Hospital Miguel Servet. Zaragoza
M. Omeñaca Teres*, A. Esteban*
* Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Miguel Servet. Zaragoza
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Para la evaluación del diagnóstico serológico precoz de la neumonía por Mycoplasma pneumoniae, se han evaluado dos métodos comerciales para la detección de IgM específica.

Se han estudiado un total de 86 sueros distribuidos de la siguiente forma: a) 28 pacientes diagnosticados de neumonía por Mycoplasma pneumoniae por seroconversión por fijación de complemento. En todos ellos se trabaja con la muestra inicial y fase de convalecencia (56 sueros), b) Un grupo control, en el que se usan los sueros correspondientes a la fase de convalecencia de 8 pacientes con neumonía por Legionella, de tres con psitacosis, otros tres con fiebre Q (todos ellos diagnosticados serológicamente) y otros 6 sueros con factor reumatoide a títulos altos y 10 sueros con títulos bajos a Mycoplasma pneumoniae en los que no ha habido una modificación significativa en la segunda muestra (total 30 muestras control).

El método usado ha sido un inmunoenzimoanálisis de captura de IgM (ELISA) (Mp-test; Diatech Diagnostica; Israel) y el otro inmunofluorescencia para IgM (Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM antibody Test System; Zeus, EE.UU.).

De las 28 muestras iniciales se ha encontrado positividad en 22 por ELISA (22/28) y en 15 para IF (15/28) con una sensibilidad de 78,6 y 53,6%, respectivamente. Todas las muestras de la fase de convalecencia fueron positivas para ELISA (28/28) y dos fueron negativas para IF (26/28) con una sensibilidad del 100 y del 92,85%, respectivamente. Sólo se encontró un falso positivo para IF y ninguno para ELISA. Se concluye que dada la alta sensibilidad y especificidad del test ELISA de captura de IgM, así como su bajo coste, es un método útil para el diagnóstico precoz de la infección por este microorganismo.

We have evaluated early serological diagnosis of pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae by assessing two commercial methods for detection of specific IgM antibodies.

Eighty-six sera were taken for study from subjects distributed as follows: a) 28 patients diagnosed by complement fixation antibody test as having pneumonia due to M. pneumoniae (a total of 56 sera from initial and convalescent phase samples); b) 30 Controls, consisting of 8 patients convalescing from Legionella pneumonia, 3 wtih Q fever diagnosed serologically, 6 with rheumatoid factor at high titres, and 10 with low titres of M. pneumoniae that changed insignificantly between the first and the second sample.

The two methods used were enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) for detection of IgM antibodies (Mp-test, Diatech Diagnostica, Israel), and immunofluorescence (IF) for IgM (M. pneumoniae IgM Antibody Test System, Zeus, USA).

Analyzing the initial 28 samples, we obtained positive results in 22 using ELISA (22/28) and 15 using IF (25/28) (sensitivity of 78.6 and 53.6%, respectively). All samples taken during the convalescent phase were positive by ELISA (28/28) and only 2 were negative by IF (26/28). We found only 1 false positive by IF and none by ELISA. We conclude that the high sensitivity and specificity of ELISA for the capture of IgM antibodies, along with its low cost, make this test useful for early diagnosis of M. pneumoniae infection.

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Copyright © 1993. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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