Journal Information
Vol. 45. Issue 7.
Pages 330-334 (July 2009)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 45. Issue 7.
Pages 330-334 (July 2009)
Original Article
Full text access
Clinical and Polysomnographic Features of Rapid Eye Movement–Specific Sleep-Disordered Breathing
Características clínicas y polisomnográficas del síndrome de apneas durante el sueño localizado en la fase REM
Visits
4636
Francisco Campos-Rodrígueza,
Corresponding author
fcamposr@telefonica.net

Corresponding author.
, Ana Fernández-Palacínb, Nuria Reyes-Núñeza, Ángela Reina-Gonzáleza
a Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
b Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
This item has received
Article information
Abstract
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics
Abstract
Objective

The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and polysomnographic features of rapid eye movement (REM)–specific sleep disordered-breathing (SDB).

Patients and Methods

All cases of sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] ≥ 10/h) diagnosed using over night polysomnography during the period 2004 to 2006 were analyzed retrospectively. Those cases in which the ratio of AHI during REM sleep to AHI during non-REM sleep was more than 2 were classified as REM-specific SDB. We recorded the following data: clinical signs and symptoms related to SAHS, PSG results, cardiovascular risk factors, and previous cardiovascular events. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of REM-specific SDB and to analyze the possible interactions between variables.

Results

A total of 419 patients were analyzed, of whom 138 (32.9%) presented REM-specific SDB. This condition was more common in patients with mild to moderate SAHS than in those with more severe cases (odds ratio, 8.21; 95% confidence interval, 4.83–14.03). The variables independently associated with REM-specific SDB in the logistic regression analysis were female sex, lower AHI, and higher body mass index. No interactions between the main variables studied were found. There were no differences between patients with REM-specific SDB and those with non-REM-specific SDB with regard to signs and symptoms related to SAHS, excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep architecture, cardiovascular risk factors, or history of cardiovascular episodes.

Keywords:
Sleep apnea syndrome
REM sleep
Excessive daytime sleepiness
Female sex
Resumen
Introducción

El objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar las características clínicas y polisomnográficas del síndrome de apneas-hipopneas durante el sueño (SAHS) localizado en la fase REM (SAHS-REM).

Pacientes y métodos

Se han analizado retrospectivamente todos los casos de SAHS –índice de apneashipopneas (IAH) ≥ 10/h– diagnosticados mediante polisomnografía completa en el período 2004–2006. Se catalogaron como SAHS-REM aquellos en que la razón IAH-REM/IAH-no REM fue mayor de 2. De todos los pacientes se recogieron los siguientes datos: clínica de SAHS, resultados de la polisomnografía, factores de riesgo cardiovascular y eventos cardiovasculares previos. Se realizó un análisis de regresión logística para identificar las variables predictoras de SAHS-REM, así como para analizar posibles interacciones entre variables.

Resultados

Se analizaron en total 419 casos, de los que 138 (32,9%) presentaban SAHS-REM. Esta entidad fue más frecuente en pacientes con SAHS leve-moderado que en los casos graves (odds ratio = 8,21; intervalo de confianza del 95%, 4,83-14,03). En el análisis de regresión logística, las variables que se asociaron de forma independiente al SAHS-REM fueron el sexo femenino, un menor IAH y un mayor índice de masa corporal, y no se detectaron interacciones entre las principales variables estudiadas. No se encontraron diferencias entre los pacientes con SAHS-REM y SAHS-no REM en cuanto a la clínica del SAHS, hipersomnia diurna subjetiva, estructura de sueño, factores de riesgo cardiovascular o antecedentes de episodios cardiovasculares.

Conclusiones

El SAHS-REM podría considerarse un estadio inicial del SAHS, que acontece preferentemente en mujeres obesas con trastorno del sueño leve-moderado y que carece de características específicas en cuanto a presentación clínica, estructura de sueño o comorbilidad cardiovascular.

Palabras clave:
Síndrome de apneas del sueño
Sueño REM
Hipersomnia diurna
Sexo femenino
Full text is only aviable in PDF
References
[1.]
Grupo Español de Sueño (GES).
Consenso nacional sobre el síndrome de apneashipopneas del sueño.
Arch Bronconeumol, 41 (2005), pp. 1-100
[2.]
R.P. Millman, H. Knight, L.R. Kline, E.T. Shore, D.C.C. Cheung.
Changes in compartmental ventilation in association with eyes movements during REM sleep.
J Appl Physiol, 65 (1988), pp. 1196-1202
[3.]
G.A. Gould, M. Gugger, J. Molloy, V. Tsara, C.M. Shapiro, N.J. Douglas.
Breathing pattern and eyes movement density during REM sleep in man.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 138 (1988), pp. 874-877
[4.]
J.E. Kass, S.M. Akers, T.C. Bartter, M.R. Pratter.
Rapid-eye-movement-specific sleep disordered breathing: a possible cause of excessive daytime sleepiness.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 154 (1996), pp. 167-169
[5.]
C. O’Connor, K.S. Thornley, P.J. Hanly.
Gender differences in the polysomnographic features of obstructive sleep apnea.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 161 (2000), pp. 1465-1472
[6.]
J. Haba-Rubio, J.P. Janssens, T. Rochat, E. Sforza.
Rapid eye movement-related disordered breathing: clinical and polysomnographic features.
Chest, 128 (2005), pp. 3350-3357
[7.]
O. Resta, G.E. Carpagnano, D. Lacedonia, G. Di Gioia, T. Giliberti, A. Stefano, et al.
Gender difference in sleep profile of severely obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
Respir Med, 99 (2005), pp. 91-96
[8.]
N.M. Punjabi, K. Bandeen-Roche, J.J. Marx, D.N. Neubauer, F.L. Smith, A.R. Schwartz.
The association between daytime sleepiness and sleep-disordered breathing in NREM and REM Sleep.
Sleep, 25 (2002), pp. 307-314
[9.]
E. Chiner, J.M. Arriero, J. Signes-Costa, J. Marco, I. Fuentes.
Validación de la versión española del test de somnolencia de Epworth en pacientes con síndrome de apneas del sueño.
Arch Bronconeumol, 35 (1999), pp. 422-427
[10.]
Rechtschaffen A, Kales A. A manual of standardized terminology and scoring system for sleep stages of human subjects. Los Angeles: Brain Information Service/ Brain Research Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, 1968.
[11.]
B. Koo, J. Dostal, O. Ioachimescu, K. Budur.
The effects of gender and age on REM-related sleep-disordered breathing.
Sleep Breath, 3 (2008), pp. 259-264
[12.]
F. Siddiqui, A.S. Walters, D. Goldstein, M. Lahey, H. Desai.
Half of patients with obstructive sleep apnea have higher NREM AHI than REM AHI.
Sleep Med, 7 (2006), pp. 281-285
[13.]
J.A. Loadsman, I. Wilcox.
Is obstructive sleep apnea a rapid eye movement-predominant phenomenon?.
Br J Anaesth, 85 (2000), pp. 354-358
[14.]
R.M. Popovic, D. White.
Influence of gender on waking genioglossal electromyogram and upper airway resistance.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 152 (1995), pp. 725-731
[15.]
J. Trinder, A. Kay, J. Kleiman, J. Dunai.
Gender differences in airway resistance during sleep.
J Appl Physiol, 83 (1997), pp. 1986-1997
[16.]
R. Popovic, D. White.
Upper airway muscle activity in normal women: influence of hormonal status.
J Appl Physiol, 84 (1998), pp. 1055-1062
[17.]
C.W. Zwillich, M. Natalino, F. Sutton.
Effect of progesterone on chemosensitivity in normal man.
J Lab Clin Med, 92 (1978), pp. 262-269
[18.]
R.L. Jones, M.M.U. Nzekwu.
The effects of body mass index on lung volumes.
Chest, 130 (2006), pp. 827-833
[19.]
J.W. Bloom, W.T. Kaltenborn, S.F. Quan.
Risk factors in a general population for snoring. Importance of cigarettes smoking and obesity.
Chest, 93 (1988), pp. 678-683
[20.]
D.P. White, R.M. Lombard, R.J. Cadieux, C.W. Zwillich.
Pharyngeal resistance in normal humans: influence of gender, age, and obesity.
J Appl Physiol, 58 (1985), pp. 365-371
[21.]
K.E. Shelton, H. Woodson, S. Gay, P.M. Suratt.
Pharyngeal fat in obstructive sleep apnea.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 148 (1993), pp. 462-466
[22.]
A. Campo, G. Frühbeck, J.J. Zulueta, J. Iriarte, L.M. Seijo, A.B. Alcaide, et al.
Hyperleptinaemia, respiratory drive and hypercapnic response in obese patients.
Eur Respir J, 30 (2007), pp. 223-231
Copyright © 2009. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
Archivos de Bronconeumología
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?